U9 L2 United Nations And The Marshall Plan Flashcards
What was one organization that provided hope early in the Cold War?
United Nations
When was the UN formed?
1945
The Soviets and Americans used the veto power to do what?
prevent interference in their interests
Did the UN have enforcement power to back its decisions?
no
The US and Soviet Union had the veto power over any resolution under which organization’s consideration?
Security Council
Where did the UN set up its headquarters?
US at NYC
What are the 5 main organizational structures of the UN?
- General Assembly
- Security Council
- Secretariat
- International Court of Justice
- Economic and Social Council
Who are the members of the General Assembly? What are their responsibilities?
- all member nations
- makes decisions by majority vote (each has one vote)
- elects members for other UN bodies
In the General Assembly, 2/3 majority member nations are required to pass what?
resolutions on important issues
Who are the members of the Security Council? What are their responsibilities?
- 15 member nations
- 5 permanent- Fra, Brit, US, China, Russ
- 10 other elected by GA for 2 year terms
- decisions made by majority vote
- 5 perm have veto power
- investigate and make rec on matter threaten peace
Who are the members of the Secretariat? What are their responsibilities?
- Secretary General and their staff
- SG appointed by GA on rec of SC
- 5 year term
- day to day operations of UN
Who are the members of the International Court of Justice?
- 15 judges, 9 year terms
- judicial branch of UN
- advisory opinions to UN branches
Where does the International Court of Justice sit?
The Hague, Netherlands
Who are the members of the Economic and Social Council? What are their responsibilities?
- 54 member nations elected by GA, 3 year terms
- implementing UN projects to improve (edu, med, rights)
- decisions by majority vote
How often does the economic and Social Council meet?
semi-annually
Who organized the Marshall Plan?
George Marshall
What was the Marshall Plan?
- 1948
- program for financial aid to help countries recover from war
How much was provided by the Marshall plan to aid Western Europe?
more than 12 billion
Did the free countries which participated in the Marshall Plan become Communist?
no
What does NATO stand for?
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
When was NATO formed?
1949
What is NATO? What was it a warning for?
- alliance
- attack on any NATO countries meant attack on all
What did the Soviet Union form in response to NATO?
Warsaw Pact
What is the Warsaw Pact?
alliance btw SU and satellite nations, inc East Germany
In China who led the Communists and Nationalists?
C- Mao Zedong
N- Chiang Kai-shek
What did the Communists and Nationalists do when Japan seized China in 1931?
set aside differences and worked together against Japan
When the US declared war on Japan after the attack on Pearl Harbor, which countries declared war on US?
Germany and Italy
What naval operations did the US use to regain control of the Pacific Islands?
island hopping
When did the Soviet Union declare war on Japan?
August 8, 1945
What land did the Soviets give to Mao Zedong’s forces after Japan’s surrender?
- Manchuria
- weapons and supplies from Japanese
What did the Nationalist suffer from after Japan’s surrender?
corruption
Did the US give assistance to the Nationalists?
no
Who were the Communists popular with and had support from?
peasants
In 1949, Chiang Kai-shek and his supporters fled to which island? What did they establish themselves?
- Taiwan
- Republic of China
The US feared Communists China would ally itself with which country?
the Soviet Union
Until 1978, the US did not recognize Mao’s govt and the Republic of China to be what?
legitimate govt of China
the Soviets and Chinese Communists eventually split due to what?
disagreements over ideology
