Transition: The Continent and New Invasions Flashcards
What happened after the death of Clovis in 511?
- The Frankish kingdom was divided among his 4 sons
- This established Neustria, Austrasia, and Burgundy
What were the Frankish Kings of the 7th century called?
They did very little, so they were called the Do-Nothing-Kings
Who was the one who had the real power of each Frankish kingdom?
the Mayor of the Palace, sometimes called Arnulfian/ing Mayors
Who was Pepin?
- Mayor of the Palace in Austrasia
- called himself ‘leader and prince of the Franks’
Who was Charles Martel?
Pepin’s son, sometimes called ‘the Hammer’
Who was Pepin the Short?
- Charles’ son
- ended the reign of the Do-Nothing Kings
What was the Donation of Pepin?
- Pepin the Short defeated the Lombards he gave some land to the Pope
- This became the Papal states (large district in central Italy ruled by the Popes)
Who was Charlemagne?
- Pepin the short’s one of two sons (other is Carloman)
- The first and greatest of Carolingian kings
When and who crowned Charlemagne?
- Christmas day, year 800
- Pope Leo III crowned him Emperor of the Romans
What was Charlemagne’s Check System?
Counts- noble who ruled a country with a bishop or archbishop of the country
Dukes- Highest ranking noble who ruled a group of countries
Missi Dominici-‘messengers of God’ went in pairs to visit the countries each year and report the state to Charlemagne
What were Marches?
- Frontier area of a country
- ruled by Margraves
Where was Charlemagne’s capital?
- Aix-La-Chapelle, modern Aachen, Germany
- buildings had Roman and Byzantine influence
What was the legal system of Charlemagne’s empire?
- Germanic law that retained the compensation/wergild and trial by ordeal
- Christian emphasis was added
What was the state of Europe and Charlemagne’s economy?
- isolated
- Muslims controlled trade routes
What led to the decline of the agricultural method?
Landowners (warriors at first) that thought of their lands as a means of financing wars
What was the term that was sometimes applied to Charlemagne’s reign?
Carolingian Renaissance
How did Charlemagne encourage education?
- brought scholars to teach the clergy, laity, and children
- established libraries, schools, and a scriptorium at Tours
- made laws so that cathedral schools gave better education to clergy
What is a scriptorium?
A room in a monastery for writing and copying manuscripts
What is wergild?
A man’s price/worth and determined the amount of compensation to be paid
Who was the greatest scholar to Charlemagne’s court?
Alcuin of York, an English monk
Who was Louis the Pious?
- Charlemagne’s son who had a weak reign, beginning the collapse of the empire
- Divided the empire to his 3 sons, Louis the German, Charles the Bald, and Lothar
Which two sons of Louis the Pious joined forces against their eldest brother?
Louis the German and Charles the bald against Lothar
What was the Treaty of Verdun?
- 843
- divided Charlemagne’s kingdom
How was the empire divided according to the Treaty of Verdun?
East- Louis the German
West- Charles the Bald
North Sea to middle of Italy- Lothar
Who was the last Carolingian EMPEROR?
Charles the Fat, son of Louis the German
Who was the last Carolingian KING?
Charles the simple
Which Germanic invaders had the greatest impact on Charlemagne’s empire?
Vikings/Norsemen
Who were the Vikings?
- skilled seamen who attacked swiftly
- killed children, looted, and burned churches
What did Charles the simple do concerning the Vikings?
- 911
- Allowed Rollo and his Vikings to settle on the Northwest coast
- Later called themselves Normans and their land Normandy
Who was the first duke of Normandy?
- Rollo
- Baptized into Robert
When, How and Who defeated England?
- 878
- Alfred the Great
- England entered into an agreement called Danelaw
Who were the Magyars?
- Asiatic tribe
- marches reminded Europeans of Attila
