U5 L3 Absolutism In France (PART 1) Flashcards
In this lesson, England had not been invaded since which Conquest?
Norman Conquest in 1066
Was the rise of Absolutism in France similar to England?
Yes
What was a major factor to the development and persistence of absolute government in France?
Geographic vulnerability, resulting in powerful govt armies to defend France
French Absolutism evolved ()
Gradually
Which reigns contributed to the development of French absolutism?
-Philip Augustus
-Louis IX
-Philip IV
13-14th cent
What did the reigns of Philip Augustus, Louis IX, and Philip VI do that contributed to French Absolutism?
- hired mercenaries
- restricted authority of Pope
- replaced collection of traditional feudal “dues” with national tax collection
Who was assassinated in 1589?
Henry III
Who declared himself king after Henry III’s assassination
Henry of Navarre, leader of the Huguenots
Who refused to recognize Henry of Navarre as King?
French Catholics and Philip II of Spain
After Henry became a Catholic to restore peace, when and what was he crowned as?
Henry IV in 1594
What dynasty did Henry(IV) of Navarre start?
Bourbon dynasty
What was the Edict of Nantes?
- 1598
- issued by Henry IV
- gave freedom of worship and political rights to Huguenots
After the Edict of Nantes, what was France known as?
First country to allow more than one religious group
Which minister did Henry IV work with?
Maximillian de Bethune, Duke of Sully
What was the paulette?
Annual tax on state offices
What was the Taille?
Land tax on peasantry
Revenue from the Paulette allowed the reduction of what?
Taille
What was Henry of Navarre’s reign characterized by?
Intelligence and benevolence towards his people
When was Henry IV assassinated?
1610
Who came after Henry (IV) of Navarre? And who became regent?
- His son Louis XIII
- Marie de Medici (mother)
What did Marie de Medici’s policies bring to France?
Disorcer
What was the Estates General?
French legislative body
What was Richelieu’s two goals?
- make king all powerful in France
- make France supreme in Europe
What did Richelieu do to accomplish making the king all powerful in France? (His first goal)
- attacking political rights of huguenots
- issued edict to destroy nobles’s castles not needed for national defence
What did the Peace of Alais do?
Huguenots gave up political and military rights gained from Edict of Nantes
Who were the Intendants?
Royal officials directly responsible to the king
What did Richelieu do to accomplish making France supreme in Europe? (His second goal)
Weakening power of Hapsburgs
Where was Spain in terms of France?
South
Where was Spanish Netherlands (Belgium) in terms of France?
North
Where was Alsace and Franche-Comte in terms of France?
East
Where was Austria in terms of France?
Further east
In 1635, who led the French troops against the Hapsburgs?
- Prince Louis de Conde
- Henri de Turenne
With which peace and when did the French and Protestants win the 30 years war?
1648 with Peace of Westphalia
Which War established France as the strongest country in Europe?
30 years war
What were Richelieu’s main accomplishments?
- national postal service
- system of Intendants to control local govt
When did Richelieu die? What were the people’s reactions?
1642
Happy because he had little concern for common people and taxes they paid
After Richelieu and Louis XIII’s death, who succeeded them?
- Louis XIV (4 years old)
- Anne of Austria as regent
- Mazarin succeeding Richelieu
What was the Fronde, and how long did it last?
- series of civil conflict
- 1647 to 1652
What was the Fronde caused by?
- bad harvests
- decline in grain prices
- discontent of provincial governors and officeholders encouraged by English civil wars
