U8 L5 The Russian Revolution: 1917 Flashcards
What are the 6 factors that led to the 1917 Revolution?
- inadequate living conditions
- low wages for working class
- short food supply
- nobility owned all land
- Russia involved in WWI
- disagreement in how the country’s political structure should be changed
What was the difference in how the Moderates and Radicals wanted to change Russia’s political sturtcure?
M- democratic system with constitutional monarchy
R- revolution, power to socialist or communist government
The radicals said that the Western democracy was incomplete because it did not include what?
economic freedom
What war resulted in Russia being the first European army to be defeated by an Asian power?
Russo Japanese War
What were the Russia’s battle losses mainly due to?
lack of industrial development
How did food shortages affect prices?
increased
Due to the war of Germany, there was distrust of which czarina? Why was there distrust?
- Empress Alexandra
- German
- manipulating govt
- key advisor, Grigori Rasputin
Who was Grigori Rasputin?
- peasant monk and mystic
- key advisor to Empress Alexandra
What was the capital city of Russia renamed after Russia entered WWI?
Petrograd
How did the police act towards the worker demonstrations/riots in Petrograd?
sometimes did nothing, turn away, or hesitantly dispersed them
Was Czarina Alexandra aware of the worker demonstrations/riots? How did she think of it?
- yes
- thought little of it
When did the killing start?
Saturday, Feb 25
What is anarchy?
society without govt or laws
What is a Czarina?
female monarch/emperor of Russia before 1917
On February 26, Czar Nicholas received a telegram from who? What did it insist? And What was Rodzankyo concerned about?
- Mikhail Rodzyanko
- call session of Duma to put major reforms
- soldiers who refused to shoot at the mob
Who was Mikhail Rodzyanko?
president of the Duma
On Monday, February 28, what did the soldiers tell their captain and do?
- they will not kill citizens
- in mutiny, killed captain
- gave crows guns
- freed 2400 prisoners
When Nicholas learned that his support among the generals was gone, he had no choice but to do what?
abdicate
What does abdicate mean?
- withdraw from high office/throne
- surrender power
on March 15, 1917, Nicholas abdicated in favor of who?
his brother, Grand Duke Mikhail
Mikhail refused the crown unless he had what?
people’s support
Did Mikhail(brother) have the people’s support?
no
When the Czar’s cabinet was imprison and Nicholas abdicated, what Govt took over?
Provisional Government
Who led the Provisional Government?
Alexander Kerensky
What was the Provisional Goverment made up of?
- businessmen
- bankers
- lawyers
On March 16, Mikhail(bro) wrote a manifesto to who, and proposed what?
- Duma, Russian Parliament
- if imperial family lose power
- Parliament take control and set constitutional monarchy
- Mikhail would be Monarch with no authority
Did the Provisional Government accept Mikhail’s manifesto? What was it treated as?
- no
- own letter of abdication
After Mikhail’s manifesto, the Provisional Govt was recognized by what countries as the legal govt of Russia?
France and England
On August 1917, the Romanov family was sent to which city?
Siberian city of Tobolsk
Who were the soviets?
- local council in the early political organization of the Russian revolution
- elected among factory workers, soldiers, peasants
What government did the soviets oppose?
Provisional Govt
On October 1917, Lenin convinced the Bolshevik party to overthrow what?
Provisional Govt
On November 6, the Provisional Govt officially fell to which control?
Bolshevik
After the October revolution, Lenin announced the new govt would attempt to do what? What was the new govt made up of and led by?
- Russia into socialist state
- local soviets and led by Bolsheviks
In 1918, a civil war broke out between who?
Bolsheviks (reds) and Whites
During the 1918 civil war, the Bolsheviks changed their names to what?
Communist Party
What is the meaning behind Lenin’s cry ‘Peace, Land, Bread’?
P- end Russia involve WWI
L- remove wealthy from land, distribute common
B- end bread strikes, food for poor
Who mostly made up the Whites?
- military units
- some Mensheviks
Did the Whites lack a clear vision of what they wanted Russia to become because of their diversity?
yes
Were the Whites able to defeat the Reds?
no
Until which year did the Civil War last?
1920
On July 16th, the Romanov family, three servants, and a family friend, were murdered by who?
Communists
How many Romanovs were murdered by the Bolsheviks?
17
How many Romanovs escaped?
35
On April 1922, what was the new union of countries that was announced?
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)
Who was the president of the USSR?
Vladimir Lenin
After Lenin’s death in 1924, who was his successor?
Josef Stalin
