U7 L5 Social Changes: Negative Drawbacks Flashcards
Who are the bourgeoisie?
- middle class
- has views influenced by private-property interest
What is collective bargaining?
negotiations between an employer and union representative concerning wages, hours, and working conditions
What is laissez-faire?
policy opposing govt intervention in economics
What is compensation?
payment to an unemployed/injured worker/family
Who are the proletariat?
-poorest class of working people Marxist theory: social class of workers who earn living by selling their labor
What is socialism?
economic and political theories advocating collective or govt ownership of production means
What were the problems concerning housing?
- lack of adequate housing
- unaffordable
What were the poor characteristics of tenement housing?
- 3-6 stories
- crime
- overcrowded
- dimly lit
- no proper garbage disposal, poor sanitation
- no heating systems, harsh winters and summers
- only one water source
What were the factors luring rural families to the city?
- higher wages
- variety of entertainment
- better life style
Were mass transportation systems slow in developing?
yes
Immorality was more () than ()
the rule, the exception
To combat the harsh conditions some workers/families were in, who aided them?
church organizations and gospel missions
Where, when, and by who was the Salvation Army founded?
- England, 1865
- William Booth
What did the Salvation Army do?
- spread message of salvation
- provide food, clothes, shelter
When did the founders of the Salvation Army in America arrive?
1880
What theory arose out of the harsh conditions of the working class?
communism
When did the unsuccessful German Revolution happen?
1848
What books did Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels write?
- Communist Manifesto
- Das Kapital
What did the Communist Manifesto talk about?
theory: working class revolutionaries should overthrow capitalistic masters
What did Das Kapital talk about?
theoretical basis of communism and socialism
What were the factors giving rise to the theories of Marx?
- abuses to working class
- employers taking advantage of employees
- poor working and living conditions
- lack of profits given to employees
Who did Marx believe were the ones who produced all the wealth?
laborers
Marx argued that capitalist owners received wealth in the form of what?
profit
What differentiates socialism an communism/ists in terms of the Marxist movement?
S- ownership/operation of production can achieve gradually, peaceably, democratically C- class struggle would end in war
How would Communists seize power? What would happen after it?
- force and violence
- proletariat rule until utopian state of socialistic govt is established
In reality, how did Communist states rule?
dictators with no voice for people
In which countries have Communist governments existed?
- Russia
- China
- North Korea
- Vietnam
- Cuba
- most nations of Eastern Europe
- some African Nations
By the mid-1990s, most Communist governments failed and returned to what type of government?
democracy
What happened to governments that remained Communist?
- didn’t follow traditional Communist economic policies
- maintained dictatorial control
