U7 L5 Social Changes: Negative Drawbacks

Question 1

Who are the bourgeoisie?

Answer 1

• middle class

- has views influenced by private-property interest

Question 2

What is collective bargaining?

Answer 2

negotiations between an employer and union representative concerning wages, hours, and working conditions

Question 3

What is laissez-faire?

Answer 3

policy opposing govt intervention in economics

Question 4

What is compensation?

Answer 4

payment to an unemployed/injured worker/family

Question 5

Who are the proletariat?

Answer 5

-poorest class of working people
Marxist theory: social class of workers who earn living by selling their labor

Question 6

What is socialism?

Answer 6

economic and political theories advocating collective or govt ownership of production means

Question 7

What were the problems concerning housing?

Answer 7

• lack of adequate housing

- unaffordable

Question 8

What were the poor characteristics of tenement housing?

Answer 8

• 3-6 stories
• crime
• overcrowded
• dimly lit
• no proper garbage disposal, poor sanitation
• no heating systems, harsh winters and summers
• only one water source

Question 9

What were the factors luring rural families to the city?

Answer 9

• higher wages
• variety of entertainment
• better life style

Question 10

Were mass transportation systems slow in developing?

Answer 10

yes

Question 11

Immorality was more () than ()

Answer 11

the rule, the exception

Question 12

To combat the harsh conditions some workers/families were in, who aided them?

Answer 12

church organizations and gospel missions

Question 13

Where, when, and by who was the Salvation Army founded?

Answer 13

• England, 1865

- William Booth

Question 14

What did the Salvation Army do?

Answer 14

• spread message of salvation

- provide food, clothes, shelter

Question 15

When did the founders of the Salvation Army in America arrive?

Answer 15

1880

Question 16

What theory arose out of the harsh conditions of the working class?

Answer 16

communism

Question 17

When did the unsuccessful German Revolution happen?

Answer 17

1848

Question 18

What books did Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels write?

Answer 18

• Communist Manifesto

- Das Kapital

Question 19

What did the Communist Manifesto talk about?

Answer 19

theory:
working class revolutionaries should overthrow capitalistic masters

Question 20

What did Das Kapital talk about?

Answer 20

theoretical basis of communism and socialism

Question 21

What were the factors giving rise to the theories of Marx?

Answer 21

• abuses to working class
• employers taking advantage of employees
• poor working and living conditions
• lack of profits given to employees

Question 22

Who did Marx believe were the ones who produced all the wealth?

Answer 22

laborers

Question 23

Marx argued that capitalist owners received wealth in the form of what?

Answer 23

profit

Question 24

What differentiates socialism an communism/ists in terms of the Marxist movement?

Answer 24

S- ownership/operation of production can achieve gradually, peaceably, democratically
C- class struggle would end in war

Question 25

How would Communists seize power? What would happen after it?

Answer 25

• force and violence

- proletariat rule until utopian state of socialistic govt is established

Question 26

In reality, how did Communist states rule?

Answer 26

dictators with no voice for people

Question 27

In which countries have Communist governments existed?

Answer 27

• Russia
• China
• North Korea
• Vietnam
• Cuba
• most nations of Eastern Europe
• some African Nations

Question 28

By the mid-1990s, most Communist governments failed and returned to what type of government?

Answer 28

democracy

Question 29

What happened to governments that remained Communist?

Answer 29

• didn’t follow traditional Communist economic policies

- maintained dictatorial control