U5 L3 English Revolution: People's choice Flashcards
Who was the eldest of Charles I’s two sons
Charles II
What was the difference between Charles II and James II’s view on Catholicism?
C- sympathetic
J- openly Catholic
Why did Charles keep his opinions on Catholicism secret?
because of intense English resentment towards Rome
Knowing that Charles II’s brother, James II would succeed him, the House of Commons passed what? What did the House of Lords do?
- bill would’ve prevented a Roman Catholic from being Eng King
- HOL rejected
Under King Charles II, what two groups was the Parliament divided into?
(BOTH HAD EQUAL STRENGTH)
Tories and Whigs
When was the Habeas Corpus Act passed by Parliament?
1679
What did the Habeas Corpus Act state?
- arrested/imprisoned person must be brought to judge within 20 days
- eliminating secret arrests and trials for king and govt enemies
When did Charles II die, and James II came to the throne?
1685
When did James II’s second wife give birth to a son?
1688
To eliminate the the Catholic stuarts rule form continuing, who did the Parliament invite to rule England?
- William III of Holland
- (wife) Mary, Protestant daughter of James by his first wife
What was the Glorious Revolution?
- William came to Eng, James II fled to France
- no shots fired
What was the document William and Mary had to sign before taking office? And when?
1689 Bill of Rights
What did the 1689 Bill of Rights provide?
- fair trials
- free speech
- protected citizen rights
- protection form cruel treatment
- increased Parliament power
- king is subject to Parliament’s laws
When was the Act of Toleration passed?
1689
What did the Act of Toleration provide?
- protection to non-Anglican Protestants
- allowing free worship
What did the Act of Settlement contain?
- provision so Anne, Mary’s sister, would succeed William and Mary if they do not have own heirs
- Anne unable- Sophia of Hanover, German Princess, Protestant granddaughter of James I, become queen
The signing of the Bill of Rights in 1689 marked the end of what?
English Revolution which began in 1603
When the Bill of Rights was signed, and the English Revolution had ended, England changed form an Absolute monarchy to what?
Constitutional monarchy
What did the House of Lords consist of?
clergy and selected nobles
What did the House of Commons consist of?
middle-class citizens
Which class received little representation?
working class
Who was more politically powerful, The of Commons or Lords?
House of Commons
What was William III’s chief interest?
competing with Louis XIV in Euro affairs
What were the wise decisions William III made?
- allows Parl to rule almost unopposed in domestic situations
- selected wise advisors to help him make decisions
- his ministers joined HOC
What did the increase of Parliament’s power include?
- right to declare war
- remove unworthy judges
- throne power to veto Parliament acts faded
Who was the last of the Stuart Rulers?
Queen Anne
Did Queen Anne have a child/heir?
no
Who came after Queen Anne?
George I, son of Sophia of Hanover
Who came after George I?
George II, his son
What was George I and George II’s attitudes toward ruling England?
- both German born
- cared little about Britain’s domestic situation/affairs
- leading to more Parliament power growth
Who was Sir Robert Walpole? What was he recognized as?
- leader of Whig party in HOC
- first prime minister of England, resp for functions of govt
Who is the true head of the English government today?
prime minister
What is the cabinet, and what do they do?
- part of the executive branch of govt
- advises PM on domestic and foreign affairs
Who selects the cabinet?
prime minister
Who writes the speech for the king/queen to open each session of Parliament? What does it list?
- Cabinet
- laws they feel are important, need to be passed
Who cared the most about England’s domestic affairs?
Charles II
