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WORLD HISTORY > U7 L2 England: Fires Of Continuation > Flashcards

U7 L2 England: Fires Of Continuation Flashcards

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1
Q

Before the Industrial Revolution, how did people (craftsmen) work?

A
  • set own hours
  • used own tools
  • food grown in family garden
  • independent and self-sufficient
  • work at pace best suited for them
  • ran business at home or nearby workshop
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2
Q

Where were factories initially located?

A

near water bodies to run machines

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3
Q

What is capital?

A

amount of property/money available for use in business

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4
Q

What is a capitalist?

A
  • person who has a capital invested in a business

- engages in free enterprise

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5
Q

What is a stockholder?

A
  • someone who purchased stock (aka shareholder)
  • part owners of business
  • lost when company lost
  • receives percentage of business profits
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6
Q

Because setting up a factory and business required a lot of money, what did several businesses combine to gather?

A

capital

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7
Q

What is the aristocracy?

A

small privileged class of nobility, the wealthy

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8
Q

Who did financial support come from?

A

merchants who were wealthy through trading during previous years

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9
Q

What citizen class were most merchants from?

A

middle-class

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10
Q

Who did the upper class consist of?

A

nobility and aristocracy

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11
Q

How did the upper class make their fortune?

A

owning land (bc they were like ‘ugh dirty work and factories, how utterly mundane, but then they saw the middle-class pulling in the stacks and they were like o-0)

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12
Q

What were the two groups people that were categorized into in Factories?

A
  • directing work

- performing tasks

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13
Q

What was the difference between the salaries of those who administered work and did the work in factories?

A

A- monthly/yearly salary

D- daily/weekly wages

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14
Q

Who were among the original factor workers?

A

-Beggars
-street people
-women
-children
(soon joined by skilled workers)

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15
Q

What were the positive advantages of factories?

A
  • jobs for unemployed
  • self employed were provided steady paychecks
  • economic conditions improved
  • increased productivity
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16
Q

What were the negative disadvantages of factories?

A
  • works did the work, administers reaped the benefits
  • poor working conditions
  • artisans and farmers put out of jobs and skills seemed useless
17
Q

For the capitalists, were the poor conditions in factories were of little interest to them?

A

yes

18
Q

The factory worker bore the brunt of the factory system through the stifling of his what?

A
  • creativity
  • dignity
  • self-worth
19
Q

Who built the first known steam engine? When and where?

A
  • 120 BC, Hero

- Alexandria Egypt

20
Q

Who were given real credit for the invention of the steam engine?

A

English

21
Q

In 1698, what did Thomas Savery invent? What was it used for?

A
  • first practical steam engine

- pump/drain water from mines

22
Q

In 1712, what did Thomas Newcomen improve?

A

Thomas Savery’s steam engine

23
Q

The steam engine did not become popular until what?

A

James Watt patented advanced steam engine in 1769

24
Q

Why was James Watt’s steam engine unique?

A

could drive other machines

25
Q

What did the steam engine influence?

A
  • machinery

- transportation (steamships, railroads)

26
Q

How did steam engines impact transportation (in general)?

A
  • safer
  • more comfortable
  • faster
  • cheaper
27
Q

What did John McAdam construct?

A

improved road

28
Q

How was John McAdam’s road constructed?

A
  • raised arch shape so water will flow out of road
  • large stones for foundation
  • covered with smaller stone layers
  • top layer even smaller stones held together with mud
  • smoothed with roller
29
Q

Are modern roads today made the same as John McAdam’s road, excluding mud?

A

yes

30
Q

How did the steam engine impact water travel?

A
  • steamship
  • not relying on wind
  • quicker distribution
31
Q

What did Robert Fulton invent? What did it influence and what was its impact?

A
  • steamship, Clermont
  • transatlantic travel by steamship
  • faster distribution and at cheaper price
32
Q

In 1814, what did George Stephenson invent? How did it work?

A
  • steam locomotive

- powered by coal to produce steam

33
Q

In 1830, after perfecting the steam engine, what did George Stephenson create? What did it do? And how fast was it?

A
  • steam locomotive, the Rocket
  • pulled railroad cars from Liverpool to Manchester
  • 29 mph
34
Q

The steam engine allowed tunnels to be dug where?

A

through mountains, saving time and money

WORLD HISTORY (83 decks)

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