Rome: Christianity And The Roman Empire Flashcards

1
Q

Who is an abbot?

A

A monk who is chosen as a head of a monastery

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2
Q

How significant was the birth, life and death of Jesus Christ during the Roman period?

A

It was the most significant event but did not seem so important at the time

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3
Q

Where and when was Jesus Christ born?

A

In Palestine during the reign of Augustus Caesar

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4
Q

What are the aspects of the boyhood of Jesus Christ?

A
  • Very little was written about it
  • His childhood events were recorded by Luke
  • Jesus grew up in Nazareth and his father was a carpenter
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5
Q

How did Luke sum up Jesus Christ’s early life?

A

‘Jesus increased in wisdom and stature, and in favor with God and man’

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6
Q

When did Jesus’ ministry begin?

A

It began with His baptism by John the Baptist

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7
Q

When did Jesus begin His public ministry, and how many years did it last?

A

He started it at around 30 years of age and it lasted three years

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8
Q

What is the Galilean Ministry?

A

The name given Jesus’ ministry in Galilea

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9
Q

When Jesus offered Himself to the Jews as their Messiah, how did the leaders of Israel react to His claim?

A

They rejected His claim

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10
Q

How did the Jewish leaders begin to plot against Jesus?

A

They sent spies to make Him speak against Caesar to involve the Roman authorities

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11
Q

What was the name of Jesus’ follower that betrayed him?

A

Judas Iscariot

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12
Q

Where was Jesus crucified and buried?

A
  • He was crucified outside Jerusalem on a hill called Golgotha
  • He was buried in the tomb of Joseph of Arimathea, a wealthy member of the Jewish sect known as the Pharisees
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13
Q

After how many days was Jesus raised from the dead?

A

After three days

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14
Q

After how many days was Jesus ascended in to heaven?

A

After forty days

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15
Q

What was the name of the book in which the growth of early Christianity is described and who was it written by?

A

In the book of Acts and it was written by Luke

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16
Q

Where was the Gospel first preached?

A

In Jerusalem and Judaea where the church was mainly a Jewish group

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17
Q

Who was Saul?

A
  • Originally a zealous Jew who would be the instrument through which God would reach the Gentiles
  • He was converted through a dramatic vision of Christ
  • He is known form his Greek name, Paul
18
Q

To where did Paul take the gospel?

A

He took it throughout Asia Minor and into Greece

19
Q

Where was Paul arrested?

A

In Jerusalem

20
Q

What were Paul’s famous Prison Epistles?

A
  • Galatians
  • Ephesians
  • Philippians
  • Colossians
21
Q

Who was the last apostle to die?

A

John

22
Q

How did Rome first view Christians?

A
  • It did not feel threatened at first
  • They considered the Christian’s religion as another cult
  • But as they grew in number they were viewed as a threat
23
Q

What happened to the Christians during the third century?

A
  • The first major Persecution of Christians was ordered by Emperor Decius
  • This period was one of disorder and unrest throughout the empire
24
Q

How were the Christians viewed in the third century?

A
  • They were seen as as enemies because they did not worship the emperor
  • And because they appealed to the lower classes
  • Their way of life was seen as ‘unpatriotic’
25
Q

What happened to the Christians during the fourth century?

A
  • The emperors realized that persecution could not stop Christianity
  • And in the year 311, the East declared Christianity a legal religion
26
Q

Who tried to revive Christian persecutions?

A

Emperor Julian in 361 A.D.

27
Q

What are heretics?

A

A person who holds beliefs that are different to church doctrines (the beliefs taught by a church)

28
Q

What were some of the major heresies faced by the early church?

A
  • Gnosticism
  • Arianism
  • Nestorianism
  • Monophysitism
  • Donatism
29
Q

Why was Arianism the most serious heresy?

A
  • It rejected the concept of Trinity

- It taught that Christ and God were not of the same essence

30
Q

What is the Nicene Creed?

A
  • It was produced by the Council
  • It declared that the Trinity as three Persons in one God
  • And Christ as coequal with the Father and Spirit
  • It simply formalized what the church believed from the beginning
31
Q

What were the five cities that cities that emerged as centers of Christianity?

A
  • Antioch
  • Jerusalem
  • Alexandria
  • Constantinople in the East
  • Rome in the West
32
Q

What is a Diocese?

A

A district ruled by a bishop

33
Q

In the major centers of Antioch, Jerusalem, Constantinople, Alexandria and Rome, bishops were given the title of what?

A

patriarch

34
Q

Who was Pope Leo I (Leo the Great)?

A
  • One of the Bishops of Rome that distinguished themselves politically and religiously
  • He stopped Attila the Hun’s march on Rome
35
Q

By the mid-fifth century, the Bishop of Rome was considered what?

A

They were considered as supreme over all others in the Roman Church

36
Q

Who was Anthony of Egypt?

A
  • Called the father of Monasticism

- A third century Hermit

37
Q

What is a hermit?

A

A person who lives in solitary for religious reasons

38
Q

What is a Metropolitan?

A

An Archbishop who presides over a church province

39
Q

Who is an Abbot?

A

A monk who is chosen as head of a monastery

40
Q

Who is St. Basil?

A
  • Established the first monastic orders of the East

- Responsible for the Latin translation of the Bible called the Vulgate

41
Q

What is a regular clergy?

A

Monks or religious men who followed a rule and took vows

42
Q

What is a secular clergy?

A

Church officials who were not bound by rules or vows