U4 L11 Wars In Religion Flashcards
What were the three groups of thought that developed out of religious differences in France?
- Huguenots, French Calvinists
- Catholics, wanted Catholicism as only natural religion
- Politiques, Catholics interested in politics than religion
When did France become officially Catholic?
1560
How did Queen Catherine attempt to unite France?
arranged marriage between her Catholic daughter and leader of Huguenots, King Henry of Navarre
What occurred in the royal wedding of Queen Catherine’s daughter and King Henry of Navarre that might have caused Protestant retaliation?
A Huguenot leader, who was a guest of the wedding was killed
How did Queen Catherine try to prevent Protestant retaliation after the Huguenot leader was killed in the wedding?
- wiped out Protestantism
- attacked Protestants on Saint Bartholomew’s Day
How many were killed on The Saint Bartholomew’s Massacre?
ten thousand
When did Henry of Navarre become King Henry IV of France ?
1589
What was the name of the line of kings that Henry of Navarre staretd?
Bourbon kings
What was the Edict of Nantes, when was it passed and by who?
- 1598, Henry of Navarre
- gave Protestants more freedom
- could hold :govt offices
- public worship without persecution
- ended series of religious wars in France
How many provinces was the Netherlands made up of in the 16th century?
17
What were the people of Belgium divided by?
language and religion
What was the religion and languages of of the northern and southern provinces of the Netherlands?
N- Dutch, Calvinistic
S- Flemish, French, Catholic
When did Philip II of Spain take over the Netherlands?
1555
What did Philip II bring to the Netherlands?
- Catholicism
- Spanish control
- taxation
Which Queen aided the Dutch in their rebellion against the Spanish?
Queen Elizabeth I of England
What was the Spanish Armada?
- 130 ships
- to conquer England
When did Spain lose the opportunity to control England?
1588
Who were the Hapsburgs?
ruling family in Spain and Austria in the 14, 15 and 16th centuries
What did Protestants in Bohemia rebel against?
threat of Catholic King, starting a power struggle with the Holy Roman emperor
When did the Holy Roman Emperor invade Germany?
1629
What was the Edict of Restitution, when was it signed and by who?
- 1629, Emperor Ferdinand
- restored Catholic lands
- restricted religious and political rights from Protestants, except Lutherans
What did Gustavus II of Sweden, a Lutheran, lead?
attack against Hapsburg Catholics
Who did the Hapsburg rulers in Spain and Holy Roman Empire unite against and when?
- 1635
- Protestant Germany, Holland, France and Sweden
How long did the war between Hapsburg, Roman Empire and Germany, Holland, France and Sweden last?
13 years
When were peace agreements signed after the war between Hapsburg, Roman Empire and Germany, Holland, France and Swede?
1648
What was The Peace of Westphalia?
Religious provisions to ensure:
- Calvinists and Lutherans have same rights
- religion of states would be determined by head of state
What was the result of the provisions made by The Peace of Westphalia?
- end to religious turmoil
- Germany composed of monarchies instead of individual city-states
- however Germany was a long was from becoming a national power
What did the treaties of Westphalia recognize?
Northern Protestant part of the Netherlands as the independent country of Holland
What did Catholic Spanish Netherlands become?
Belgium
