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WORLD HISTORY > U5 L9 The Ottoman Empire > Flashcards

U5 L9 The Ottoman Empire Flashcards

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1
Q

What did Arabs think was a dishonorable way to wage war?

A

use of firearms

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2
Q

What did the Turkish Ottomans become experts in?

A

using artillery

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3
Q

What was the chief entrance to Constantinople?

A

the Golden Gate

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4
Q

When did the Ottoman Turks conquer Constantinople? What did this cause?

A

1453, end of Byzantine Empire

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5
Q

After Constantinople fell, what did the Ottomans make and rename it?

A

capital of Ottoman Empire, Istanbul

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6
Q

What did the Ottomans do to Constantinople concerning the churches?

A
  • destroyed Christian churches
  • including Hagia Sophia church (it wasn’t actually destroyed- just damaged)
  • churches converted to Muslim mosques
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7
Q

What did the Muslim religion play an important role in?

A

advance of Ottoman Turks through Africa and into Europe

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8
Q

Could a Muslim follow their religion ‘half way’?

A

no, had to give their all

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9
Q

What were the Muslims required to do in their religion?

A
  • obey the Koran
  • follow strict Muslim legal code
  • Religious merit and military prowess coincided
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10
Q

By 1543, the Turks had conquered most of which countries?

A

Balkan

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11
Q

When did the Austrians defeat the Ottoman Empire?

A

1699

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12
Q

What were the reasons for the Ottoman’s defeat against the Austrians?

A
  • After invading Balkans, landowners/warriors withdrew from Sultan army after receiving own land, Sultan forced to raise an army of slaves
  • But slave market diminished and was forced to conscript Serbs, Greeks and Albanians
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13
Q

Did the Russians capture Constantinople?

A

no

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14
Q

How did the Austrian war with the Ottomans begin and end?

A

B- Ottoman’s second siege of Vienna

E- Peace of Karlowitz

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15
Q

What land did the Ottomans surrender to the Austrians after their defeat?

A

Hungary

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16
Q

What was the Ottoman Sultan forced to conscript after slave market diminished?

A
  • Serbs
  • Greeks
  • Albanians
17
Q

What did the Russian war with the Ottomans end with?

A

Treaty of Kainardji (Little Fountain)

18
Q

What did the Russians gain after their war with the Ottomans?

A
  • free strait passage
  • Black Sea territories with unrestricted navigational rights
  • protectorate over Christians living in Muslim territory
19
Q

What did the Muslims believe that were interconnected?

A

victory in battle and divine guidance

20
Q

In the 1500s Muslim shipping was superior to which countries?

A

Spain and Portugal

21
Q

After 1600, European control was transferred to which groups?

A

English, Dutch and French

22
Q

Through which methods did the English, Dutch and French gain confidence of the Turks?

A

treaties and refraining from missionary activity

23
Q

How did the Ottoman Empire economically decline?

A
  • commercial agriculture
  • Euro changing from artisans to manufacturing
  • Ottomans did not change
  • wealthy people did not invest in businesses because of corrupt civil servants and usury
  • Ottoman stayed in agriculture, bad growing seasons
24
Q

How did the Ottoman empire decline?

A
  • internal warfare
  • religious changes
  • static economy
  • defeats in battles (Austria and Russia)
25
Q

What/who were the Shi’as?

A

sect of Muslim heretics

26
Q

What was the common Muslim religion at that time?

A

Sunni

27
Q

Who is Ismail Safavi?

A

Shi’a leader who revolted against Ottomans

28
Q

What did Ismail Safavi crown himself as

A

shah

29
Q

What is a shah?

A

title of rulers of various Asian countries, such as Persia

30
Q

Where and when was Ismail Safavi defeated?

A

Chalderon in 1514

But safavi escaped

31
Q

Who was Selim the Grim?

A

Ottoman emperor who put down Anatolia rebellions

32
Q

Who replaced Selim the Grim?

A

Suleiman the Lawgiver

33
Q

What lands did Suleiman the Lawgiver add to Ottoman lands?

A

Egypt, Syria and Arabia

34
Q

What are two holy cities?

A

Mecca and Medina

35
Q

Under who did the Safavi empire reach its peak?

A

Shah Abbas the Great

36
Q

What did Isfahan build?

A

garden city

37
Q

What is a protectorate?

A

shielding from harm/danger of a weak country by a stronger country

38
Q

What is usury?

A

lending money at a high rate of interest

39
Q

What is monopolize?

A

have/get exclusive possession/control of

WORLD HISTORY (83 decks)

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