U5 L9 The Ottoman Empire Flashcards
What did Arabs think was a dishonorable way to wage war?
use of firearms
What did the Turkish Ottomans become experts in?
using artillery
What was the chief entrance to Constantinople?
the Golden Gate
When did the Ottoman Turks conquer Constantinople? What did this cause?
1453, end of Byzantine Empire
After Constantinople fell, what did the Ottomans make and rename it?
capital of Ottoman Empire, Istanbul
What did the Ottomans do to Constantinople concerning the churches?
- destroyed Christian churches
- including Hagia Sophia church (it wasn’t actually destroyed- just damaged)
- churches converted to Muslim mosques
What did the Muslim religion play an important role in?
advance of Ottoman Turks through Africa and into Europe
Could a Muslim follow their religion ‘half way’?
no, had to give their all
What were the Muslims required to do in their religion?
- obey the Koran
- follow strict Muslim legal code
- Religious merit and military prowess coincided
By 1543, the Turks had conquered most of which countries?
Balkan
When did the Austrians defeat the Ottoman Empire?
1699
What were the reasons for the Ottoman’s defeat against the Austrians?
- After invading Balkans, landowners/warriors withdrew from Sultan army after receiving own land, Sultan forced to raise an army of slaves
- But slave market diminished and was forced to conscript Serbs, Greeks and Albanians
Did the Russians capture Constantinople?
no
How did the Austrian war with the Ottomans begin and end?
B- Ottoman’s second siege of Vienna
E- Peace of Karlowitz
What land did the Ottomans surrender to the Austrians after their defeat?
Hungary
What was the Ottoman Sultan forced to conscript after slave market diminished?
- Serbs
- Greeks
- Albanians
What did the Russian war with the Ottomans end with?
Treaty of Kainardji (Little Fountain)
What did the Russians gain after their war with the Ottomans?
- free strait passage
- Black Sea territories with unrestricted navigational rights
- protectorate over Christians living in Muslim territory
What did the Muslims believe that were interconnected?
victory in battle and divine guidance
In the 1500s Muslim shipping was superior to which countries?
Spain and Portugal
After 1600, European control was transferred to which groups?
English, Dutch and French
Through which methods did the English, Dutch and French gain confidence of the Turks?
treaties and refraining from missionary activity
How did the Ottoman Empire economically decline?
- commercial agriculture
- Euro changing from artisans to manufacturing
- Ottomans did not change
- wealthy people did not invest in businesses because of corrupt civil servants and usury
- Ottoman stayed in agriculture, bad growing seasons
How did the Ottoman empire decline?
- internal warfare
- religious changes
- static economy
- defeats in battles (Austria and Russia)
What/who were the Shi’as?
sect of Muslim heretics
What was the common Muslim religion at that time?
Sunni
Who is Ismail Safavi?
Shi’a leader who revolted against Ottomans
What did Ismail Safavi crown himself as
shah
What is a shah?
title of rulers of various Asian countries, such as Persia
Where and when was Ismail Safavi defeated?
Chalderon in 1514
But safavi escaped
Who was Selim the Grim?
Ottoman emperor who put down Anatolia rebellions
Who replaced Selim the Grim?
Suleiman the Lawgiver
What lands did Suleiman the Lawgiver add to Ottoman lands?
Egypt, Syria and Arabia
What are two holy cities?
Mecca and Medina
Under who did the Safavi empire reach its peak?
Shah Abbas the Great
What did Isfahan build?
garden city
What is a protectorate?
shielding from harm/danger of a weak country by a stronger country
What is usury?
lending money at a high rate of interest
What is monopolize?
have/get exclusive possession/control of
