U7 L5 Social Changes: Negative Drawbacks (PART 2) Flashcards
How many hours a day was generally considered the normal work load for men, women, and children?
14-16
Who received the lowest wage?
women and children
At what age were children put to work in mills and mines?
less than 6
What would happen to the children if they were found sleeping at their tasks?
beaten
What were the conditions, men, women, and children faced in factories?
- poor ventilation, safety, sanitation
- no accident insurance or injury compensation
Why was work in factories often uncertain and unsteady?
- too much goods manufactured, accumulates
- employers cut wages and reduce production
Was unemployment feared by all workers?
yes
Did workers receive retirement pensions?
no
What was the reason why the government did not take action against the poor working conditions in factories?
laissez-faire policy
What did Adam Smith explain that were the two natural economic laws business activities were based on?
1- law of supply and demand
2- law of competition
-supply low, demand great, high price
What did Adam Smith’s theory forbid?
govt interference
Who were the ones who instituted reforms on working conditions?
moral legislators
Who were 2 writers who wrote of the deplorable working condition?
- Charles Dickens
- Benjamin Disraeli
Where did labor reform laws begin?
England
What was the reform passed in 1819?
- children under 9 prohibited from working in cotton mills
- 9-18 not more than 12 hours a day
What was the reform passed in 1833?
- expanded 1819 reform to all textile factories
- all under 18 prohibited for night work
What was the reform passed in 1847?
- Ten Hour Act
- women and children only work 10 hours a day
What were laissez-faire theories replaced by?
govt sensitive to working class needs
What were unions organized to do?
- stand against employer abuses
- demand higher wages
- improve working conditions
What did factory reform laws not change and change?
x-wages
✔-working conditions
What was the process factory workers used to make their voices heard to industrialists?
collective bargaining
What would happen if the industrialists did not hear out the workers in collective bargaining?
strike until a mutual settlement could be reached
Were workers paid during strikes?
no
What happened to the factory/factory owners when workers went on strike?
lose money
