U5 L7 Spain (PART 2) Flashcards
Spain believed that great wealth could be obtained by doing what?
conquering and exploiting people of the New World
Where was Christopher Columbus from?
Genoa, Italy
When did Columbus and his crew arrive at Watling Island in the Caribbean Sea?
1492
Until the day he died, what did Columbus believe he found?
East Indies
What was Ferdinand Magellan’s motive to travel?
wanting to circumnavigate the world
Who funded Ferdinand Magellan’s expedition?
Spain
How many ships and men did Ferdinand Magellan have at the beginning of his trip?
5 ships and 243 men
How many days did Ferdinand Magellan expect his voyage to Spice Islands was going to take? What was the reality?
thought- 2-3 days
reality- 80 days
What did the men on Ferdinand Magellan’s voyage survive on when food ran out?
- leather
- sawdust
- rats
What did the many sailors on Ferdinand Magellan’s voyage become succumbed with?
scurvy
What was the reception Ferdinand and his crew got when they arrived in the Philippines?
some crewmen killed because of getting involved with a war with the tribes
By the end of Ferdinand Magellan’s 3 year and 12 day voyage, how many men survived?
18
What is Ferdinand Magellan referred to despite dying without completing the journey?
first man to circumnavigate the globe
Ferdinand Magellan’s voyage proved what?
- earth is round
- Americas was a New World
What were the two of the most prominent and powerful tribes that Columbus named ‘Indians’?
- Aztecs
- Incas
What were the 4 characteristics of Aztec culture?
- religion
- agriculture
- cities
- widespread trade
What were the most important Aztec gods?
Tlaloc- rain
Huitzillipochtli- war
Quetzalcoatl- blond god of peace
What did the Aztecs sacrifice to their gods?
humans and hearts
What was the irrigation system of the Aztecs?
- mud piled on lakes to form fertile islands
- corn, beans, avocados
What was Tenochtitlan?
present day Mexico city
Who were the only people who lived in Aztec cities?
priests and secular rulers
How did Aztec farmers arrange their crops around cities?
- most perishable close to the city, easy transportation
- least perishable far
How many ships and men did Hernando Cortes set sail with?
11 ships and 653 men
What placed did the Aztecs rule?
- Mexico
- parts of Central America
- Southern Western US
When Cortes arrived at Veracruz, what did the Aztec king do?
surrendered peacefully
What did the Aztecs think Cortes to be?
- returning Quetzacoatl
- Aztec legend, god came first as a white bearded mortal to dissuade human sacrifice
- left on magic raft and would return in One Reed year
Who was Montezuma?
- The Fretted One
- last of ruling family Aztec
Who was Cuauhtemoc?
- Falling Eagle
- Aztecs chose him over Montezuma
How did the One Reed Years occur?
irregularly
Where was the Incan center of government situated in?
Peru section of Andes Mountains
How were Incan people classed?
age and ability
Who was the head of Incan government?
emperor
Who was Atahualpa?
Incan Emperor
What was the Machu Picchu?
- mountain fortress
- group that held out for years when Pizarro executed the Incan emperor
Why was Francisco Pizarro’s conquest not easy as it seemed?
- high mountains, breathing difficult
- mosquitos
- men had fever, starvation and insect bites
- little funding from Spain
What did Pizarro come to regret?
iconoclasm of Incan culture
What is iconoclasm?
- attacking beliefs or traditional institutions
- whether based on error or superstition
