U4 L6 The Reformation: Wycliffe, Huss, And Luther Flashcards
What is the Reformation?
16-17 cent religious and political movement that spread in Western Europe
What is a Papal Bull?
official statement issued by the pope
What was the Unam Sanctum?
- papal bull
- stated that pope was head of church and state
What is nepotism?
granting position or appointments to relatives
What is simony?
buying and selling of church positions
What did John Wycliffe contribute to the reformation?
- denounced clerical abuses
- questioned papal authority
- denied right of a ruler to demand obedience and claim it was God’s will
Who was Wycliffe sponsored by?
John Gaunt
What did the Papal schism of 1378 produce?
- two rival popes
- French cardinals chose a French pope because they disliked the the Italian pope
What was Wycliffe’s view on the Bible?
only measure for Christian conduct
What was Wycliffe’s main contribution?
he and his followers translated Bible into English
What happened when Wycliffe became a revolutionary?
- lost supporters
- people wanted changes but not an overthrow of the church
What were Wycliffe’s followers known as?
Lollards
What was Wycliffe known as?
Morning star of the Reformation
Who spread Wycliffe’s influences in Bohemia?
John Huss
What did Huss attack?
Church offices, not sacraments
How was the Papal schism compounded in 1409?
Third pope denounced the other two and claimed papal authority
Who did Huss influence?
Martin Luther
After the death of Huss, what did his followers establish?
- Unity of Brethren/ Moravian Church
- called first Protestant church
What was Martin Luther’s background?
- educated to believe only God had powers to save man
- not exposed to humanistic ideas
- nearly killed by lighting!?!?!?!?
Was it common for ideas to be discussed an debates publicly in this time?
Yes
If someone had a proposal that he wanted to see debated, what would they do?
post their thesis to the public
What were the Ninety-Five Theses?
- Oct 31, 1517
- Martin Luther nailed his proposals on the Wittenberg church door
What was one idea that was expressed in the Ninety-Five Theses?
Popes could not forgive sinners, but was only God’s representative
What were the effects of Luther’s Ninety-Five Theses?
- Germany got involved
- Theses were translated into German
- People stopped buying indulgences
What did Luther dispute when the papal council called him in 1519?
- believers should partake the Lord’s Supper
- service shouldn’t only be in Latin
- number of sacraments is two: Supper and baptism
- marriage was not a sacrament
- sacraments included rites belonging only to Christians
Who supported and opposed Luther?
S- Fredrick the Wise
O- Charles V
What was the Diet of Worms in 1521?
- Luther was tried
- He refused to deny his beliefs
What did Luther do when he was disguised as a knight in Wartburg castle?
translated Bible into German
What were Luther’s followers known as?
Protestant
What did the Protestants do?
- simplified German church services
- omitted mass
- eliminated monastic orders
What was the Augsburg Confession of 1530?
set forth Lutheran doctrines
By the mid-16 cent which countries had become Lutheran and remained Catholic?
L- Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Northern Germany (DENO SWEG)
C- Southern Germany
What was the Peace of Augsburg in 1555?
- ended war between Charles V and Lutherans
- German princes could make religious choices for their state
What was the result of the religious differences and political differences in Germany?
prevented rise of strong national state of Germany
