U4 L2 Renaissance Government: Italy And Spain Flashcards
Who are Moors?
A member of a Muslim people with mixed Arabian and Berbers from Northwestern Africa
-they invaded Spain and occupied it for 700 years
What was the result of political and religious struggles between the Holy Roman Emperors, papacy and other factions?
Regionalism arose in during the 14 to 15th century, rather than nationalism
What were the 5 major states of Italy during the Renaissance?
- Republic of Venice
- Republic of Florence
- Duchy of Milan
- Kingdom of Naples
- The Papal States
What were the characteristics of the Republic of Venice?
- most politically stable of the 5 states
- most efficient government
- ruled by a doge/duke which was chosen by the Great Council which consisted of 200 wealthy bankers and merchants
- the Council of Ten held actual power of the state
- church dominated by governor
What were the characteristics of the Duchy of Milan?
- wealthy
- manufactured silk, woolen and armor
- commercially important trade center and producer of food
- included a large portion of Italy
When did the Duchy of Milan become a republic?
When the last Visconti ruler died
Who was Francisco Sforza?
- Took over Milan after the last Visconti ruler
- achieved independence and peace through diplomacy
When did Milan fall under Spanish rule?
At the turn of the 16th cnetury
What were the characteristics of the Republic of Florence?
- 2nd wealthiest Italian state
- economy was based on textile factories, trade and banking houses
- controlled Pisa
- provided the standard gold coin in Europe (florin)
- an oligarchy
- govt controlled by 7 guilds representing bankers, merchants and manufacturers
- only members of the guilds and 14 minor ones had the right to vote
Who was the Medici family?
- most powerful political force in Italy/Florence for 300 years
- by 1530 they became Hereditary rulers
Who was Cosimo de Medici?
- first Medici ruler
- richest banker in Florence
Who was Lorenzo?
- the Magnificent
- most famous Medici
Where did the Renaissance begin? Who supported it?
- Florence
- the Medicis supported it
Who were Renaissance artists that came from Florence?
- Giotto
- Botticelli
- Leonardo Da Vinci
- Michelangelo
Who was Pope Nicholas V?
founded the Vatican library
Who was Pope Pius II?
- multitalented
- Renaissance ideal
Who was Pope Sixtus IV?
- patron of Botticelli and other artists
- encouraged Rome’s architectural improvement
- sponsored building of the Sistine chapel
Who was Cesare Borgia?
- Pope Alexander VI’s merciless son
- model for the main character in Machiavelli’s, The Prince
Who was Pope Julius II?
- ended Cesare Borgia’s career
- restored Papal authority
- sponsored Michelangelo and Raphael
- brought Golden Age to Rome
Who was Savonarola?
- Florentine Dominican friar
- precursor of Reformation
- attacked church corruption
Who excommunicated Savonarola? When was he hanged?
- Alexander VI
- Savonarola was hanged in 1498
What were the characteristics of the Kingdom of Naples?
Ruled by French until 1435 when Spanish took over
What was the Reconquista?
Christian movement to drive out Moors from southern Spain
By 1140 what were the 3 parts Christian Spain consisted of?
- Castile and Leon
- Portugal
- Aragon
Who was the Almohades?
- 1146
- A new Muslim power in Africa
When and by who were the Almohades defeated by?
- Pope Innocent III
- He set out a Crusade in 1212 at Las Navas de Tolosa
Which territory remained in Moorish possession by 1270?
Granada
What were the achievements of Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile?
- royal police (Holy Brotherhood) restored civil peace
- Spanish inquisition, a form of church court, was established
- Granada was recaptured, Moors and Jews were converted or expelled
- beginnings of a world power were established
When did Spanish influence through trade and expansion begin?
Discovery of America by Christopher Columbus, whose expedition was financed by Spain
