U5 L2 Asolutism In England: 17th Century Flashcards
The first English civil war began with a wake of what?
Irish rebellion
What was the Grand Remonstrance?
- made by Parl
- list of objections to royal policy
Who and which areas supported Charles I?
- north and west of England
- CAAC (Catholics, moderate Anglicans, Aristocracy, conservative agricultural interests)
Who and which areas supported the Parliament?
- south and east of England
- LMMPP (London, Merchants and Middle class, Presbyterian, Puritans)
What were the supporters of Charles I/royalist supporters called?
Cavaliers
What were the supporters of the Parliament called?
Roundheads (because of short cut hair)
What were the 3 issues of the English Civil War?
- King and Parl struggle for supremacy
- new economic groups wanted role in govt
- national church or freedom for several Protestant groups
Who was Oliver Cromwell?
- general and political leader of parl forces
- his army was backbone of parl forces
When and in which battle were Charles I and the Cavalier forces forced to surrender?
Battle of Naseby in 1646
Who were the Independents? And what did they want after Charles’ surrender in 1646?
- minority group led by Oliver Cromwell
- distrusted Charles
- religious freedom for themselves and Protestants
When did Charles renew the war?
1648
Which defeat have control of the war/situation to the Independents?
Second defeat
What was the Rump Parliament.
- Independents purged Parl
- remaining members called Rump Parl
When was Charles I beheaded?
January 30, 1649
What happened after Charles’ death?
- House of Lords was abolished
- England became a republic
Which countries refused to recognize Common wealth
Scotland and Ireland
What do Cromwell do after disbanding the Rump Parliament? And when?
- 1653
- called a new assembly chosen by army leaders
What was the Instrument of Government?
- made by the army leaders after Cromwell’s decision to make an assembly chosen by them was ineffective
- England’s first and only constituton
What title did Cromwell take up?
Lord Protector of life
Why Cromwell’s government fail?
Absence of support by the majority of England
When did Cromwell die?
1658
When did England become a monarchy again?
1660
What was Charles II known as?
Merry monarch
What did Charles II promise to do?
- respect Parliament
- observe Magna Carta and Petition of Right
What group was the Parliament determined to exclude from the government?
Non-Anglicans
What was the Test Act?
Excluded non-anglicans
What was the Disabling Act?
- 1678
- prevented Catholics from Parl membership
What were the 2 important developments that came out of Charles II’s reign?
- Habeas Corpus Act
- emergence of Political Parties, Whig and Tory party
What did the Habeas Corpus do? And when was it passed?
- 1679
- anyone believing they had been unjustly imprisoned
- could get a wit or habeas corpus to force govt to explain why he was held
Who succeeded Charles II?
James II
Was James II Catholic or Protestant?
Catholic
What did the Whig and Tory party support?
W- Parl
T- king
What did James II that proved he was not cautious and overall pretty much a downgrade from Charles II?
- enlarged army
- defeated rebellion by Protestant pretenders to the throne
- violated Test Act
How were the English prepared to tolerate James II?
As long as his two protestant daughters succeeded him
But a son was born and whoops
