High Middle Ages: Monarchies And The Church Flashcards
What were the line of kings that came after the Carolingian Empire?
Capetian Kings
Who was the FIRST Capetian King?
Hugh Capet, the Count of Paris
Who was the first STRONG Capetian King?
Louis VI ( Louis the Fat -gained control over lle de France, area around Paris, and established it as center of royal law
Who was Philip II?
- Philip Augustus
- grandson of Louis VI
- founded University of Paris
- 1200, began construction of the Louvre, palace of French Kings
Who was Louis IX?
- St. Louis
- famous for judicial reforms that gave equal justice to rich and poor
- led 7th and 8th Crusades
When did the Capetian dynasty end?
1328
What caused the Hundred Years war?
- After the end of Capetians
- House of Valois and Philip VI were like ‘that throne is mine!’
- But then Edward III of England was like ‘ohohoho no big boy’
Who fought in the Hundred Years War?
France and England
Who was Joan of Arc?
- young girl
- led an army in Orleans to insure the coronation of Charles VII
- burned at stake
Who won the Hundred Years War?
France in 1453
Who was Canute (Cnut)?
- Danish King who had a peaceful rule from 1016 to 1035
- But his sons were big bad
What was the Battle of Hastings?
- 1066
- Harold was king of England, but William was like ‘wait that’s illegal’ and successfully invaded England to kick his arse out of the throne
Who was William?
- Duke of Normandy
- 1066 to 1087
- brought feudal system to England
- used Anglo-saxon legal and military systems
Who were the Plantagenets?
Kings that came after Capetians and William
Who was Henry II?
- first Plantagenet King
- called one of England’s greatest kings because of judicial reforms
English common law became the basis what?
most of US law and legal procedures
Why did Henry II have difficulty with the church?
- attempted to put clergy under common law
- legal reforms interfered with church court system
Who was Richard the Lionhearted?
spent many years fighting in The Hundred Years war and little affect as king or England
Who was John?
evil brother of Richard the Lionhearted
What was John forced to sign?
- 1215
- Magna Carta
What is the Magna Carta?
document which protected feudal rights and that the king was under the law
Who were the Plantagenet kings following John responsible for?
formation of English Parliament
Who was the first king to use Parliament effectively?
Edward I
Who made up the House of Commons and House of Lords?
C- knights and burgesses
L-nobles
Who were the last three Plantagenet kings?
- Edward II
- Edward III
- Richard II (only 10 when he took the throne)
What led to Richard II being unpopular?
- costs of war
- Peasants Revolt of 1381
- seizure of John Gaunt’s lands
Who was Henry of Bolingbroke?
Henry IV, and first king of the House of Lancaster
What caused the Wars of the Roses?
Henry VI’s (son of Henry V) weak reign
What was the Wars of the Roses?
- 30 years war
- 1455-1485
- between House of Lancaster (Red Rose) and House of York (White Rose)
How did the Wars of Roses end?
Henry Tudor (Lancaster side) defeated Richard III in the battle of Bosworth Field
Who was Henry Tudor?
- became Henry VII
- began reign of Tudor Kings
After the last Carolingian king of east Frankland died, into how many parts was Germany split?
four duchies
Who was Otto the Great?
first emperor of the Holy Roman Empire
Who was Fredrick Barbarossa?
- redbeard
- first of the Hohenstaufen dynasty
What was the significance of the Umayyad Kingdom of Cordoba?
- center of culture and power in Spain from 8th to 11th century
- 10th century, intellectual center of Europe
What was the Reconquista?
Christian reconquest of Spain from the Muslims
Who was El Cid?
- Rodrigo Diaz
- hero of Spanish conquest
What were the seven sacraments that the Roman Catholics believed in?
Baptism Confirmation Penance Holy Eucharist (Lord's Supper) Matrimony (marriage) Holy Orders Extreme Unction
BC PHe MaHE
What was the Truce of God?
document that did not allow fighting on religious seasons and certain days of the week
What was Cluny?
A reformed monastery that had monks that rejected the feudal system
What was the mendicant orders?
members of monastic orders took vows of poverty and could not own property
Who was Francis of Assisi and Dominic?
both begun mendicant orders
F- Franciscans
D-Dominicans
Who was Pope Innocent III?
Gained political victories over Philip of France and King John of England
What was the Avignon Captivity?
French popes that ruled Avignon
What was the Great Schism?
Era when the church was ruled by two rival popes
Who wrote Summa Theologica?
St. Thomas Aquinas
What was Scholasticisam?
- religious philosophy
- applied Aristotle’s teachings to church
What were the Crusades?
Eight Catholic Crusades to remove Muslim’s from the Holy Land
What were the chivalric and monastic orders of knights that the Crusades were responsible for?
- Knights Templars
- Teutonic Knights
- Knights Hospitalers
What was the People’s Crusade?
- First Crusade in 1096
- Jews were killed
- Led by Peter the Hermit
What was the Children’s Crusade?
- disaster
- families lost children
