U5 L1 Absolutism In England: 16-17th Centuries (PART 2) Flashcards
How did James I disappoint the Puritans?
- James came from Presbyterian Scot
- hoped he would make Anglican reforms
- James liked church as it was because of control it have the crown
What did the Puritans want in James I’s time?
- separation from church
- abolition of bishops
Who did James I allow to suppress the Puritans?
Archbishop of Canterbury, Richard Bancroft
When Richard Bancroft suppressed the Puritans, where did many of them leave for?
America
What plot made James I realize he might need Puritan support?
The Gunpowder Plot
Who was responsible for The Gunpowder Plot?
Catholic extremists led by Guy Fawkes
What was the goal of The Gunpowder Plot?
blow up king and Parliament on opening of Parl on Nov 5, 1605
Was The Gunpowder Plot discovered? What happened after that?
- Yes, Fawkes was executed
- Nov 5 is now national holiday in Eng
Who was the new Archbishop of Canterbury that helped reach a partial détente with the Puritans?
George Abbot
What is a détente?
reduced tensions between nations
How involved was England in the 30 years war?
brief
Who was James I’s daughter and who did she marry?
- Elizabeth
- Fredrick V, Elector of palatinate, a leading German Prince
How did Fredrick become involved in the 30 years war?
when he accepted election as the king of Bohemia
How did James try to regain Fredrick’s throne?
arranging a marriage between his son, Charles, and the Spanish princess, or infanta
What was one reform wanted by the Puritans and allowed by James I?
King James Version of the Bible
Who succeeded James I?
Charles I, his son
Why did Parliament vote tunnage and poundage on Charles I as a means of income for one year?
Parl distrusted Charles
What is tunnage?
custom duty levied on each barrel of wine imported into England
What is poundage?
custom duty levied on each pound of wool exported from England
Shortly after becoming king, Charles became involved in the war with who?
France
What was the Petition of Right?
- Charles needed money
- Parl forced him to sign it in 1628
By signing the Petition of right, what did Charles I agree to?
- no taxation without Parl consent
- no one could be imprisoned without trial
- no soldiers would be quartered in homes in peacetime
Did Charles stick with the Petition of Right after the war with France?
No way
After dissolving the Parliament in 1629, for how many years did Charles rule alone?
11 years
What was Charles I’s worst problem?
raising money
What were the methods Charles I used to raise money?
- reviving feudal laws and fining violators
- forcing rich merchants to apply for knighthood and charging them for their titles
- sold monopolies
- told judges to increase fines in criminal cases
- ship money
What was ship money?
- By custom in England the coastal towns contributed ships to navy in emergencies
- Charles extended the levy to entire country to earn money
How did Charles I make enemies of the Puritans?
- persecuting their leaders
- appointed William Laud as Archbishop of Canterbury
- Charles and Laud tried to impose Episcopal system of church govt and new prayer book on Presbyterian church of Scot
What was the Short Parliament?
- Charles needed funs to put down Scot rebellion
- but Parl refused to give money and was dissolved
What was the Long Parliament?
- New Scot revolts forced Charles to call Parl again
- lasted 20 years
How did the Long Parliament take matters into their own hands knowing Charles was helpless without money?
- abolished ship money and taxes
- all prerogative courts were abolished
- Triennial act passed, calling Parl to mean once every 3 years
Did Charles intend on keeping his word when the Long Parliament made its changes?
no wayyyyy
