Early Middle Ages

Question 1

What is a caliph?

Answer 1

Muslim religious and political leader

Question 2

What is an infidel?

Answer 2

A term used on a person who does not accept a certain religion

Question 3

What is a Shi’ite?

Answer 3

Member of the Shiah sect of the Muslim religion

Question 4

What is a Sunnite?

Answer 4

Member of the orthodox sect of the Muslim religion

Question 5

What is a synod?

Answer 5

Assembly to discuss and decide church affairs

Question 6

Who was Justinian the Great?

Answer 6

-Ruled Eastern Empire
-famous for codification of Roman law
-sorting and collecting Roman
laws was called Corpus Juris Civilis

Question 7

Which two emperors regained part of Justinian’s empire?

Answer 7

Heraclius I and Leo III

Question 8

Who were the 4 men who were ‘doctors’ of the church?

Answer 8

Ambrose
Jerome
Augustine
Gregory the Great

Question 9

Who was Ambrose?

Answer 9

monk who translated the Bible into Latin

Question 10

Who was Augustine of Hippo?

Answer 10

• studied under ambrose

- made the Confessions, The City of God, and Concerning the Trinity

Question 11

Who was Gregory the Great?

Answer 11

• A roman official when he decided to become a monk

- responsible for spread of Christianity in Britain, Spain and Italy

Question 12

Who was Cassiodorus?

Answer 12

A historian whose textbooks about arts and sciences were used in the Middle Ages

Question 13

Who was Boethius?

Answer 13

• philosopher

- wrote Consolation of Philosophy

Question 14

Who was Gregory of Tours and Isidore of Seville?

Answer 14

G- History of the Franks
I- Etymologies
gave insight to people in 6th and 7th centuries

Question 15

Who was Benedict?

Answer 15

A Hermit who established a monastery in Italy at Monte Cassino

Question 16

What was the Benedictine Rule?

Answer 16

• followed by monks who took vows of poverty

- basis for European monasteries

Question 17

Why were monks important in the missionary movement?

Answer 17

they converted and civilized barbarians

Question 18

Who were the 2 important monks in the missionary movement?

Answer 18

Patrick- missionary to Ireland

Augustine of Canterbury- Roman monk who was sent to Anglo-Saxon England

Question 19

What was the Synod of Whitby?

Answer 19

• 664

- caused by differences, especially over the date of Easter

Question 20

Who was Bede?

Answer 20

• monk in Northumbria
• probably most educated man in Western Europe during that time
• recorded history of Christianity in Anglo-Saxon England in ‘Ecclesiastical History of English People’

Question 21

Who was Ulfila (Wulfila)?

Answer 21

• Arian missionary
• converted Germanic Tribes
• developed Gothic alphabet to translate Bible into Gothic language

Question 22

What does Islam mean?

Answer 22

submission to God

Question 23

What is the holy book of Islam?

Answer 23

Koran (Qu’ran)

Question 24

Who was Muhammad?

Answer 24

claimed to be the Messenger of Allah (God)

Question 25

Where did Muhammad claim the Holy City of Islam?

Answer 25

Mecca

Question 26

Why did the Arabs set out holy wars and conquer much of the Eastern Empire?

Answer 26

They did it in the name of Islam

Question 27

What stopped the Arabs from moving from Spain to farther Europe?

Answer 27

The Battle of Tours in 732

Question 28

Who run the government after the death of Muhammad?

Answer 28

It was run by a caliph

Question 29

Who were the first four caliphs who ruled the Arab empire?

Answer 29

Abu Bakr
Omar
Othman
Ali (civil war broke out causing his assassination)

Question 30

Who was Muawiya?

Answer 30

• Leader of the opposing Umayyad forces

- became caliph and moved the capital of Islam to Damascus

Question 31

Which 2 groups appeared that were the result of civil wars that separated the Muslim world in the late 7th century?

Answer 31

Shi’ites and Sunnites

Question 32

Who were the followers of Muhammed known by?

Answer 32

Muslim, Moor, Saracen