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WORLD HISTORY > U6 L7 French Revolution: New Leadership > Flashcards

U6 L7 French Revolution: New Leadership Flashcards

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1
Q

Who was the commander that led the National Convention and defeated Austrian and Prussian forces?

A

General Charles Francois Dumouriez

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2
Q

When was Louis XVI beheaded?

A

January 21, 1793

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3
Q

What was the greatest danger of the National Convention declaring to liberate all of Europe from the Old Regime?

A

they aimed to achieve their goal by force

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4
Q

Who joined Austria and Prussia in a coalition against the French?

A
  • England
  • Spain
  • Holland
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5
Q

Were Frenchmen opposed to spreading their ideas through force?

A

yes

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6
Q

What did Dumouriez do in terms of France declaring to liberate all of Europe through force?

A

followed Lafayette’s example, gave up command of his army and joined the opposition

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7
Q

What does conscription mean?

A

compulsory enrollment of men for military service

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8
Q

Who was the Organizer of Victory?

A

Lazare Nicolas Carnot

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9
Q

Who was Danton’s group?

A

Jacobin CLub

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10
Q

What led to the Reign of Terror?

A
  • National Convention setting up Committee of Public Safety

- ruled country with dictatorial power

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11
Q

How many people were executed under the Committee of Public Safety for ‘crimes’ against the government?

A

18,000

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12
Q

During the Reign of Terror who did Robespierre execute?

A

Danton

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13
Q

When was Robespierre executed during the Reign of Terror?

A

1794

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14
Q

During the Reign of Terror, what right was not included in Freedom of Speech?

A

criticize the government

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15
Q

What marked the end of the Reign of Terror?

A

Robespierre’s execution

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16
Q

Did the Jacobin Club eventually fight among themselves during the Reign of Terror?

A

yes

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17
Q

What is a coalition?

A

alliance of nations for a common purpose

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18
Q

When was the European coalition (England, Spain, Holland, Austria, Prussia) driven off?

A

1795

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19
Q

After the Reign of Terror, the National Convention wanted a more stable govt controlled by who?

A

conservative middle class

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20
Q

What are the helpful reforms that the National Convention passed?

A
  • French laws organized into code
  • national system of public education set up
  • slavery abolished
  • metric system of weights and measurements adopted
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21
Q

Where the helpful reforms from the National Convention put into full effect? Why?

A
  • no

- collapse of revolution

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22
Q

Who led the uprising in Paris, 1795?

A

Napoleon Bonaparte

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23
Q

What did the new constitution in 1795 state?

A
  • restricted voting to property owners (mostly middle class)

- new executive govt branch called Directory

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24
Q

What was the Directory?

A
  • executive govt branch
  • committee of 5 men, called Directors
  • legislature appointed Directors
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25
Q

How long did the Directory rule France? What is the reason for it’s length?

A
  • 1795 to 1799
  • weak leadership
  • unable to give France stable govt and peace
  • argued among themselves
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26
Q

Who opposed the Directory?

A

Jacobin Club and monarchy

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27
Q

Did the French army have great leadership compared to the Directory?

A

yes

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28
Q

When was Napoleon Bonaparte born? And where? And to which parents?

A

1769, Corsica island, Italian parents

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29
Q

Napoleon moved to France to attend what kind of school? What did he graduate as?

A

military school, artillery officer

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30
Q

What victories did Napoleon lead France against?

A

Austrians and Sardiniaans

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31
Q

At what age was Napoleon a general?

A

26

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32
Q

Who is argued to have been the greatest military leader of history?

A

Napoleon Bonaparte

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33
Q

Fearing Napoleon’s popularity, what did the Directory persuade him to do?

A

sail with an army to Egypt to disrupt England’s trade

34
Q

Did Napoleon win or lose in Syria?

A

lose

35
Q

When did Napoleon first take over the French government?

A

Nov 9, 1799

36
Q

When was France’s second constitution made?

A

Reign of Terror

37
Q

Napoleon’s coup d’etat gave the French their fourth constitution in how many years?

A

10

38
Q

What was the French government called after Napoleon’s coup d’etat?

A

Consulate

39
Q

During Napoleon’s coup d’etat, how many consuls was the executive government made up of? How long were they appointed for?

A

3 consuls, 10 years

40
Q

During Napoleon’s coup d’etat, who held true power of the Consulate?

A

First Consul

41
Q

What did Napoleon appoint himself as after taking over the French govt?

A

First Consul

42
Q

During Napoleon’s coup d’etat, what role did the legislature have?

A
  • little power
  • composed of several assemblies
  • only puppets in the hands of First Consul
43
Q

How did Napoleon modify some of the French Revolution ideas?

A
  • he stressed equality, but explained liberty mean freedom of opportunity
  • taught people should obey their leader, who in turn should govern for people’s good
44
Q

Did the Declaration of the Rights of Man, feudal system abolition, and peasants keeping their land remain during Napoleon’s reign?

A

yes

45
Q

All that Napoleon proposed and provided, the French generally agreed to, as long as ()

A

peace and security came along with it

46
Q

French history illustrates that without law as political foundation, a society is compelled to what?

A

using violence to being human freedom

47
Q

Napoleon’s coup d’etat on 1799 gave him what position in France?

A

dictator

48
Q

Between which years did Napoleon rule France, what was this period called?

A
  • 1799-1814

- Napoleonic Era of Europe

49
Q

What is nationalism?

A

devotion to own country and its interests

50
Q

When and where did Napoleon defeat Austrians?

A

1800 in Northern Italy

51
Q

When did the Austrians sign a peace treaty which ended their war with France?

A

1801

52
Q

When did the British drive the French out of Egypt and agree to do?

A

1801, negotiate a truce

53
Q

When was a French-English peace agreement signed?

A

1802

54
Q

What was the Code Napoleon/Napoleonic Code?

A
  • French legal scholars appointed to review France’s laws
  • they organized, arranges and eliminated laws
  • admired throughout the world
55
Q

What did Napoleon form to establish a central financial institution?

A

Bank of France

56
Q

What is the Bank of France?

A
  • Privately run

- strongest financial institutions in the world

57
Q

What did Napoleon declare France and himself in 1804?

A

Empire and Emperor Napoleon I

58
Q

Who crowned Napoleon as Emperor and where?

A

pope in Notre Dame Cathedral

59
Q

What was the Battle of Cape Trafalgar? When did it happen?

A
  • 1805

- caused Napoleon to try to block England from trading with other Euro nations

60
Q

What empire did Napoleon abolish?

A

Holy Roman Empire

61
Q

To commemorate Napoleon’s victories, what did France build? And when?

A

Arc de Triomphe or Triumphal Arch, 1806

62
Q

When was construction for the Arc de Triomphe/Triumphal Arch finished?

A

1836, fifteen years after Napoleon’s death

63
Q

What is on the Arc de Triomphe/Triumphal Arch?

A

sculptures with Napoleon’s military campaigns

64
Q

When establishing the French blockade of Europe, who did Napoleon dismiss? why?

A

his brother Louis, king of Holland, he failed to enforce blockade

65
Q

In 1808, Spain revolted against which of Napoleon’s brothers? What happened?

A
  • Joseph king of Spain
  • British and Portuguese help
  • captured Madrid in 1812
  • drew up own constitution
66
Q

Napoleon’s down fall cam when he decided to invade which country?

A

Russia

67
Q

Who, in Russia, disregarded French Blockade and encouraged trade with England?

A

Czar Alexander I

68
Q

During Napoleon’s war with Russia, what did the French army include?

A
  • Germans
  • Italians
  • Dutch
  • other Europeans
69
Q

What were the two choices Napoleon had after capturing Moscow? Which one did he chose?

A

-continue chasing Russians, stay in Moscow for bitter winter

|&raquo_space;>-return to Western Europe

70
Q

By the time Napoleon returned to Germany in December, during the Russian war, how much men were lost?

A

two thirds

71
Q

What was the battle of the Nations? Where and when was it fought?

A
  • Napoleon against combined troops of Austrians, Russians, British, and Swedish
  • Leipzig, Germany
  • Napoleon defeated
72
Q

After the battle of Nations where was Napoleon sent to?

A

Elba island, western coast of Italy

73
Q

After Napoleon’s defeat, France’s borders returned to what they were in which year?

A

1792

74
Q

After Napoleon’s defeat, who restored the monarchy?

A

Louis XVIII, brother of king executed by National Convention

75
Q

When Napoleon was defeated, was absolutism restored?

A

no

76
Q

When did Napoleon return?

A

March 1, 1815

77
Q

In which battle did Prussia, Great Britain, and Holland conquer Napoleons forces when he returned?

A

Waterloo, Belgium, June 1815

78
Q

After his second defeat, where was he banished to?

A

South Atlantic Island of St. Helena, 5000 miles from Europe

79
Q

When and at what age did Napoleon die?

A

1821, age 52

80
Q

What was Napoleon’s short return to power called?

A

The Hundred Days

81
Q

What was the battle which ended Napoleon’s final reign?

A

The Hundred Days War

82
Q

How long did ‘The Hundred Days War’ battle last?

A

three days

WORLD HISTORY (83 decks)

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