U8 L4 The Russian Revolution: 1905 Flashcards
Did the Russian Revolution take place before or after the end of WWI?
before
Who wrote the Communist Manifesto?
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels
What was the economic and political philosophy that Marx and Engels developed?
communism
What is a Manifesto?
Public written declaration of:
- beliefs and principles
- policies
- objectives
- issued by political movement or candidate
Marx believed that all history was the history of conflict between what?
the classes`
How did Socialism and Communism differ for Marx?
S- broad term
C- advanced stage of socialism
Marx viewed political equality and freedom as incomplete without what?
economic equality
To close the economic gap, what did Marx and Engels recommend nationalizing and putting production under the control of?
means of production, workers
What was the process Marx and Engels devised that would convert all nations to communism?
- production under worker control
- social services free of charge
- no need for money, bc no buying selling
- people work for common good
- national govt and wars eliminated
What were the 2 groups the Marxist movement was divided into? How did they differ?
Socialists- social ownership and production operation achieve gradually and peacefully Communists- class struggle and armed revolution necessary
What is a Czar?
male monarch/emperor of Russia before 1917
What did Czar Alexander II sign? What did it do?
- Emancipation Manifesto
- set serfs free from noble ownership
What was Czar Alexander II’s goal?
- bring Russia out of Dark ages and into modern world
- end feudal system
Who was Czar Alexander II’s grandson and became Russia’s czar in 1894?
Nicholas II
From who did the most pressure for revolution in Russia come from?
single Marxist group
In 1903, the Marxist group pressuring for revolution split into which 2 factions? Who were they led by?
Bolsheviks- The Majority, Vladimir Lenin
Mensheviks- The Minority, Leon Trotsky
What was the difference between Vladimir Lenin and Leon Trotsky?
V- wanted single minded, revolutionaries
L- encouraged open party that allowed debate and discussion
Between Jan 3-7 1905, where and how many people went on strike?
- 140,000-150,000
- St Petersburg
What was the main political goal the people striking in St. Petersburg were aiming for?
public representation in govt
When did Bloody Sunday occur?
Jan 22, 1905
How many people were gathered around St. Petersburg on Bloody Sunday?
50,000
Did the people on Bloody Sunday march peacefully?
yes
What did the people on Bloody Sunday hope to present?
petition to Czar Nicholas II
How many people were killed on Bloody Sunday?
800-1000
What was the most famous mutiny after Bloody Sunday? What happened?
- crew Potemkin
- threw officers overboard
- attempted to help revolutionaries in the capital
As a result of the riots and demonstration, what was Czar Nicholas forced to sign?
October Manifesto
What did the October Manifesto grant and create?
- freedom of speech and assembly
- main legislature Duma
Who was a Bolshevik?
member of left-wing majority group of the Russian Social Democratic Workers Party
Who was a Menshevik?
member of liberal minority group of the Russian Social Democratic Party
Did the Mensheviks struggle against the Bolsheviks before and during the Russian revolution?
yes
