U4 L4 Advances In Science Flashcards
1
Q
Who was Roger Bacon and his contributions to science?
A
- 13th cent English scholar
- believed in experimentation
- most important contribution was applying geometry to optics
- wrote Opus Majus which described eyeglasses
- credited with original concept of eyewear
2
Q
What is one of Roger Bacon’s most well-known phrase?
A
Mathematics is the door and the key to the sciences
3
Q
Who was Leonardo Da Vinci and his contributions to science?
A
- greatest inventor-scientist in all of Italy (possibly of all time)
- contributed in anatomy, botany, engineering, geology, and astronomy ABEGA
- designed helicopters, parachutes, machine guns, tanks, catapult HePMagTC
- made geological studies of rocks and water movement
- developed canal systems
- wrote notes backwards
4
Q
Who was Nicolaus Copernicus, his contributions to science and what did he study and serve as?
A
- mid-16 cent Polish priest/scientist
- founder of modern astronomy
- studied math, optics and perspective at Cracow Univeristy
- served as lawyer, doctor bailiff…
5
Q
Who did Copernicus’ heliocentric theory influence?
A
- Galileo
- Kepler
- Newton
6
Q
Who was Galileo and his DICOVERIES?
A
- Italian scientist
- developed way to determine gravity of objects
- laws of pendulum
- moon reflected light
- Jupiter’s 4 moons, named it after members of Medici family
- sunspots
- phases of Venus
7
Q
What were Galileo’s INVENTIONS and PUBLICATIONS?
A
- invented compass used by draftsmen
- invented telescope
- A Dialogue on the Two Principle Systems of the World
8
Q
What were Copernicus’ publications?
A
- ‘On the Revolution of Heavenly Bodies’, explained sun was at the center of universe
- did not publish De Revolutionibus until later in life
9
Q
Who was Johannes Kepler?
A
- lived at same time of Galileo
- supported Copernican theory
- worked with Tycho Brahe
10
Q
What were Johannes Kepler’s contributions to science?
A
- made Kepler’s Laws of planetary motion
- published in Astronomia Nova
- concept of a ray
- believed planets were kept in orbits by vis vortix (life force)
11
Q
What are Kepler’s Laws of Planetary motion?
A
- planets have elliptical orbits with sun at the center
- planets sweep out equal areas in equal times
- orbit time and distances from sun have a similar ratio
12
Q
Who was Sir Isaac Newton?
A
- English astronomer
- discovered laws of gravity and motion
- work was unrecognized until Edmund Halley helped him financially
- discoveries in light, color and spectrum analysis
13
Q
What are 3 major works by Newton?
A
- 3 Laws of Motion
- Theory of Universal Gravitation
- Demonstration that Kepler’s Laws follow from the Law of Gravitation
