Practice Problems

Question 1

The Chirality of Which Carbon will determine the L or D configuration in an amino acid?

Answer 1

Alpha carbon (Adjacent to the Carbonyl)

Question 2

Digestive problems when eating milk means

Answer 2

Difficulty splitting a Glycosidic Bond

NOT

a Sugar Bond (No such thing)

Question 3

Northern Blot vs. Southern Blot

Answer 3

Northern Blot = RNA
Southern Blot = DNA

Which means adding NaOH to a northern blot will hydrolyze the nucleic acid (RNA) because of a 2’ hydroxy group on the RNA not present on the DNA

Question 4

Inability to alter this position in the purine ring will lead to Adenosine Deaminase Deficiency

Answer 4

Amines are on the 6th position of the purine ring.

Question 5

The flip-flop of phosphatidylserine between membrane leaflets exposes which part of the phosphatidylserine to the environment?

Answer 5

The head group because it is hydrophillic and the enviorment is polar

Question 6

What type of bonds allow nucleotides to form long polymers?

Answer 6

A phosphodiester bond (no adjacent carbonyle on it)

Question 7

Mitochondrial Diseases

Answer 7

Inherited from mom and is dominant because the father doesn’t have a mitochondrial genome.

Question 8

What is the optimal pH for Lysozymes?

Answer 8

pH between 4-6

Question 9

How do you get protons into the lysosome?

Answer 9

Active pumping of protons into the organelle.

Question 10

Exhaling CO2 will do what to the pH of blood

Answer 10

Exhaling CO2 will cause the equilibrium to shift towards CO2 and leave less free protons increasing pH (less acidic)

Question 11

What amino acid side chain albumin participates in the buffering effct of keeping blood pH between 7.2 and 7.4?

Answer 11

Histidine

Question 12

Formation of Phospholipids do what to entropy of water?

Answer 12

Increases entropy of water

Question 13

Gout is the acummulation of what in the foot?

Answer 13

Crystals which are due to accumulation of purines.

Question 14

A single stranded DNA Molecule contains 20% A, 25% T, 30 % G, 25% . When the complement of this strand is synthesized, the T content of the resulting duplex will be what percentage?

Answer 14

22.5%

Question 15

How is HbA1C different from Hemeglobin?

Answer 15

It is a glycosylated version of Hemeglobin.

N-Terminal valine is glycosylated in the beta chains.

Question 16

How can you make a drug more soluble?

Answer 16

Add a hydrophillic group needs to be added.

Question 17

How do cell lines complement each other?

Answer 17

If mutations are at different genes?

Question 18

Exonuclease activity of DNA Polymerase is always

Answer 18

3’ to 5’ exonuclease activity

Question 19

Fragile X Syndrome

Answer 19

An extended triplet nucleotide repeat

Question 20

Xeroderma Pigmentosum is what type of mutation?

Answer 20

Nucleotide Excision Repair Mutation

Question 21

Which nucleotide base have amine groups to deaminate?

Answer 21

A, G and C

Adenosine, Guanine, and Cytosine

(Not Uracil, Thymine)

Question 22

High mutation rate of HIV is due to what enzyme?

Answer 22

RNA Polymerase

When RNA reverse transcribes DNA it doesn’t have any proofreading mechanisms so more mutations occur.

Question 23

Standard notation for writting DNA Sequences is to write them in what order?

Answer 23

5’ to 3’

Question 24

Prader Willi Syndrome is what type of Mutation?

Answer 24

Deletion on the long arm of Chromosome 15

Question 25

Bloom Syndrome

Answer 25

Defect in DNA Helicase

Question 26

Levoflaxin/Ciproflaxin inhibits which part of the bacterial enzyme…

Answer 26

Bacterial Topoisomerase

Question 27

Cokayne Syndrome

Answer 27

Defect in transcription coupled DNA Pair

Question 28

Lack of P53 Activity leads to

Answer 28

increase in DNA mutation rates because the checkpoint is no longer available.

Question 29

Nascent Okazaki Fragments have uracil why?

Answer 29

Because they have primers in them.

Question 30

Philidelphia Chromosome

Answer 30

Translocation between 9 and 22

Creation of fusion protein not normally found in cells

Question 31

DNA Synthesis requires the following components

Answer 31

Intact DNA

Replisome Complex

Deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates

Ribonucleoside Triphosphates