Practice Problems Flashcards
The Chirality of Which Carbon will determine the L or D configuration in an amino acid?
Alpha carbon (Adjacent to the Carbonyl)
Digestive problems when eating milk means
Difficulty splitting a Glycosidic Bond
NOT
a Sugar Bond (No such thing)
Northern Blot vs. Southern Blot
Northern Blot = RNA
Southern Blot = DNA
Which means adding NaOH to a northern blot will hydrolyze the nucleic acid (RNA) because of a 2’ hydroxy group on the RNA not present on the DNA
Inability to alter this position in the purine ring will lead to Adenosine Deaminase Deficiency
Amines are on the 6th position of the purine ring.
The flip-flop of phosphatidylserine between membrane leaflets exposes which part of the phosphatidylserine to the environment?
The head group because it is hydrophillic and the enviorment is polar
What type of bonds allow nucleotides to form long polymers?
A phosphodiester bond (no adjacent carbonyle on it)
Mitochondrial Diseases
Inherited from mom and is dominant because the father doesn’t have a mitochondrial genome.
What is the optimal pH for Lysozymes?
pH between 4-6
How do you get protons into the lysosome?
Active pumping of protons into the organelle.
Exhaling CO2 will do what to the pH of blood
Exhaling CO2 will cause the equilibrium to shift towards CO2 and leave less free protons increasing pH (less acidic)
What amino acid side chain albumin participates in the buffering effct of keeping blood pH between 7.2 and 7.4?
Histidine
Formation of Phospholipids do what to entropy of water?
Increases entropy of water
Gout is the acummulation of what in the foot?
Crystals which are due to accumulation of purines.
A single stranded DNA Molecule contains 20% A, 25% T, 30 % G, 25% . When the complement of this strand is synthesized, the T content of the resulting duplex will be what percentage?
22.5%
How is HbA1C different from Hemeglobin?
It is a glycosylated version of Hemeglobin.
N-Terminal valine is glycosylated in the beta chains.
How can you make a drug more soluble?
Add a hydrophillic group needs to be added.
How do cell lines complement each other?
If mutations are at different genes?
Exonuclease activity of DNA Polymerase is always
3’ to 5’ exonuclease activity
Fragile X Syndrome
An extended triplet nucleotide repeat
Xeroderma Pigmentosum is what type of mutation?
Nucleotide Excision Repair Mutation
Which nucleotide base have amine groups to deaminate?
A, G and C
Adenosine, Guanine, and Cytosine
(Not Uracil, Thymine)
High mutation rate of HIV is due to what enzyme?
RNA Polymerase
When RNA reverse transcribes DNA it doesn’t have any proofreading mechanisms so more mutations occur.
Standard notation for writting DNA Sequences is to write them in what order?
5’ to 3’
Prader Willi Syndrome is what type of Mutation?
Deletion on the long arm of Chromosome 15
Bloom Syndrome
Defect in DNA Helicase
Levoflaxin/Ciproflaxin inhibits which part of the bacterial enzyme…
Bacterial Topoisomerase
Cokayne Syndrome
Defect in transcription coupled DNA Pair
Lack of P53 Activity leads to
increase in DNA mutation rates because the checkpoint is no longer available.
Nascent Okazaki Fragments have uracil why?
Because they have primers in them.
Philidelphia Chromosome
Translocation between 9 and 22
Creation of fusion protein not normally found in cells
DNA Synthesis requires the following components
Intact DNA
Replisome Complex
Deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates
Ribonucleoside Triphosphates
