Minerals: Essential Micronutrients Flashcards
Micronutrients vs. Macronutrients
Macronutrients — Fats, Proteins, Carbs, Alcohol — Needed in Grams
Micronutrients — Minerals — Needed in milligrams
RDA
AI
UL
Factors that Affect Micronutrient Requirements
Major Minerals
Trace Minerals
Minerals exist as?
How are minerals Absorbed?
What happens to unabsorbed minerals?
Low Bioavailability
High Bioavailability
Minerals of Concern in American Diet
Major Minerals vs. Minor Minerals
Sites of Calcium
Roles of Calcium
Site of Calcium Absorbtion
Small Intestine is the most
Mechanism of Calcium Absorbtion
Bioavailability and Absorption of Calcium
30% of Calcium is Absorbed but range is 10-60% based on Need
Best Absorbed in Acidic Conditions
Regulation of Plasma Calcium
Dietary Sources of Calcium
Know the Top 3
Osteoporosis
Hypercalcemia
Iron Classification
Roles of Iron
Iron Absorption
Mary JO 50 yrOld nurse is lactose intolerant worried about risk of osteoporosis:
Take calcium carbonate with Meals (500 mg twice a day)
Take calcium citrate at bedtime (1000mg)
Mary JO 50 yrOld nurse is lactose intolerant worried about risk of osteoporosis:
Take calcium carbonate with Meals (500 mg twice a day) — calcium is best absorbed in an acidic meal — Most efficient absorption in multiple doses.
Take calcium citrate at bedtime (1000mg)
Your patients condition of hyperparathyroidsims causes concern about the potential for:
Hypercalcemia
Hypocalcemia
Hypovitaminosis D
No Concern
Your patients condition of hyperparathyroidsims causes concern about the potential for:
Hypercalcemia
Hypocalcemia
Hypovitaminosis D
No Concern
What is the main iron regulatory hormone?
(Upregulated when low.)
Hepsidin is main iron regulatory hormone
Amount of Dietary Heme vs. non-heme iron
About 10% of dietary iron is heme iron
90% is non-heme Iron. — There’s a difference in absorption
Absroption, transportation, storage, and excretion of Iron
Absorption of Iron
Enhanced Absorption of Non-Heme Iron
MFP – Meat, Fish, Poultry
Reduction of Iron Absorption
Absorbed Iron Requirements
Small Numbers because this is not nutritient requirement (RDA) this is absorption which for iron is about 10%
Dietary Sources of Iron
Animal Sources are better source for trace minerals
High Risk Populations for Iron Deficiency
Infants and Toddlers (High Growth Rate)
Older Adults (less gastric acidity)
What food Group is a poor source of Iron
Milk and Milk Products
Signs and Symptoms of Iron Deficiency
Treatments for Iron Deficiency
Hemochromatosis
More Likely in Men
Signs and Symptoms of Iron Overload
Treatments for Iron Overload
Avoid supplements and avoid highly fortified foods
Avoid Iron and Vitamin C Supplements
Roles of Magnesium
Magnesium is regulated simply by absorption and secretions
Dietary Sources of Magnesium
Chocolate is also a dietary source
Causes of Magnesium Deficiency
Signs and Symptoms of Magnesium Deficiency
Magnesium Toxicity
Blank =Supplements or Medications
Focal Points
