Minerals: Essential Micronutrients

Question 1

Micronutrients vs. Macronutrients

Answer 1

Macronutrients — Fats, Proteins, Carbs, Alcohol — Needed in Grams

Micronutrients — Minerals — Needed in milligrams

Question 2

RDA

AI

UL

Answer 2

Question 3

Factors that Affect Micronutrient Requirements

Answer 3

Question 4

Major Minerals

Answer 4

Question 5

Trace Minerals

Answer 5

Question 6

Minerals exist as?

How are minerals Absorbed?

What happens to unabsorbed minerals?

Answer 6

Question 7

Low Bioavailability

Answer 7

Question 8

High Bioavailability

Answer 8

Question 9

Minerals of Concern in American Diet

Major Minerals vs. Minor Minerals

Answer 9

Question 10

Sites of Calcium

Answer 10

Question 11

Roles of Calcium

Answer 11

Question 12

Site of Calcium Absorbtion

Answer 12

Small Intestine is the most

Question 13

Mechanism of Calcium Absorbtion

Answer 13

Question 14

Bioavailability and Absorption of Calcium

Answer 14

30% of Calcium is Absorbed but range is 10-60% based on Need

Best Absorbed in Acidic Conditions

Question 15

Regulation of Plasma Calcium

Answer 15

Question 16

Dietary Sources of Calcium

Know the Top 3

Answer 16

Question 17

Osteoporosis

Answer 17

Question 18

Hypercalcemia

Answer 18

Question 19

Iron Classification

Answer 19

Question 20

Roles of Iron

Answer 20

Question 21

Iron Absorption

Answer 21

Question 22

Mary JO 50 yrOld nurse is lactose intolerant worried about risk of osteoporosis:

Take calcium carbonate with Meals (500 mg twice a day)

Take calcium citrate at bedtime (1000mg)

Answer 22

Mary JO 50 yrOld nurse is lactose intolerant worried about risk of osteoporosis:

Take calcium carbonate with Meals (500 mg twice a day) — calcium is best absorbed in an acidic meal — Most efficient absorption in multiple doses.

Take calcium citrate at bedtime (1000mg)

Question 23

Your patients condition of hyperparathyroidsims causes concern about the potential for:

Hypercalcemia

Hypocalcemia

Hypovitaminosis D

No Concern

Answer 23

Your patients condition of hyperparathyroidsims causes concern about the potential for:

Hypercalcemia

Hypocalcemia

Hypovitaminosis D

No Concern

Question 24

What is the main iron regulatory hormone?

(Upregulated when low.)

Answer 24

Hepsidin is main iron regulatory hormone

Question 25

Amount of Dietary Heme vs. non-heme iron

Answer 25

About 10% of dietary iron is heme iron

90% is non-heme Iron. — There’s a difference in absorption

Question 26

Absroption, transportation, storage, and excretion of Iron

Answer 26

Question 27

Absorption of Iron

Answer 27

Question 28

Enhanced Absorption of Non-Heme Iron

Answer 28

MFP – Meat, Fish, Poultry

Question 29

Reduction of Iron Absorption

Answer 29

Question 30

Absorbed Iron Requirements

Answer 30

Small Numbers because this is not nutritient requirement (RDA) this is absorption which for iron is about 10%

Question 31

Dietary Sources of Iron

Answer 31

Animal Sources are better source for trace minerals

Question 32

High Risk Populations for Iron Deficiency

Answer 32

Infants and Toddlers (High Growth Rate)

Older Adults (less gastric acidity)

Question 33

What food Group is a poor source of Iron

Answer 33

Milk and Milk Products

Question 34

Signs and Symptoms of Iron Deficiency

Answer 34

Question 35

Treatments for Iron Deficiency

Answer 35

Question 36

Hemochromatosis

Answer 36

More Likely in Men

Question 37

Signs and Symptoms of Iron Overload

Answer 37

Question 38

Treatments for Iron Overload

Answer 38

Avoid supplements and avoid highly fortified foods

Avoid Iron and Vitamin C Supplements

Question 39

Roles of Magnesium

Answer 39

Magnesium is regulated simply by absorption and secretions

Question 40

Dietary Sources of Magnesium

Answer 40

Chocolate is also a dietary source

Question 41

Causes of Magnesium Deficiency

Answer 41

Question 42

Signs and Symptoms of Magnesium Deficiency

Answer 42

Question 43

Magnesium Toxicity

Answer 43

Blank =Supplements or Medications

Question 44

Focal Points

Answer 44