Phospholipid and Glycolipid Metabolism

Question 1

Answer 1

Question 2

Lipid Nomenclature

Answer 2

Question 3

Roles of Phospholipids

Answer 3

Question 4

Glycerophospholipids

Answer 4

Question 5

Glycerol 3 phosphate is produced from which of the following outside of the liver?

Glycerol

Glyceraldehyde 3 Phosphate

Dihydroxyacetone phosphate

Pyruvate

Lactate

Answer 5

Dihydroxyacetone phosphate — This is how G3P is made outside the liver.

Question 6

Phosphatidic Acid

Answer 6

Question 7

Sphingolipids

Answer 7

Question 8

Types of Sphingolipids

Answer 8

Question 9

Phospholipid Structures

Answer 9

Question 10

Cerebroside Structures

Answer 10

Question 11

Ganglioside Structure

Answer 11

Question 12

GM1(a ganglioside) Can be best described bt which one of the following terms?

Glycerophospholipid

Cerebroside — only one sugar not two

Phospholipid — there’s no phosphate so its not this.

Diglyceride

Glycolipid

Answer 12

Glycolipid — lipid to which sugars are attached. (A better term would be glycosphingolipid)

Question 13

Phospholipid Metabolism

Answer 13

Question 14

Phospholipid Structures

Phosphatidylcholine and Phosphatidylethanolamine

Answer 14

Question 15

More Phospholipid Structures:

Phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylinositol

Answer 15

Question 16

Even More Phospholipid Structures:

Phosphatidyl Glycerol and Cardiolipin

Answer 16

Question 17

Structures of Phosphatidic Acid and Sphingomyelin

Answer 17

Question 18

Phospholipid Nomenclature

Answer 18

Question 19

More Phospholipid Nomeclature

Answer 19

Question 20

Simplified View of Phospholipid Synthesis

Answer 20

Question 21

Partial Rationale for Phospholipid Synthesis

Answer 21

Question 22

Which tissue will utilize the glycerol pathway?

Brain

Red Blood Cell

Intestine

Liver

Muscle

Answer 22

Liver — only the liver has glycerol kinase so only the liver can use glycerol to get to phospholipid synthesis.

Question 23

What other pathway utilizes a head group activation process?

Glycolysis

Glycogen synthesis

Glycogenolysis

HMP Shunt

Fatty Acid Degradation

Answer 23

Glycogen synthesis

Question 24

Individual has a primary carnitine deficiency. Triglyceride synthesis in the liver would be expected to be which one of the following compared to an individual with no carnitine deficiency?

Increased

Decreased

Same

Answer 24

Increased

Question 25

Role of Plasmalogens

Answer 25

Question 26

Mitochondrial Function may be compromised by which disorder?

Typ 1 Diabetes

Type 2 Diabetes

Zellwedgers Syndrome

Galactosemia

Fructokinase Deficiency

Pompe Diseases

Answer 26

Zellwedgers Syndrome — lack of peroxisomes.

Question 27

Zellwedgers syndrome would lead to an accumulation of which one of the following?

Bicarboxilc acids

Branched Chain Fatty Acids

Propionyl CoA

Carnitine

Answer 27

Branched Chain Fatty Acids

Question 28

Biosynthesis of Sphingosine

Answer 28

Question 29

Vitamin B6 was also required for which one of the following enzymes?

Glycogen Synthase

Glycogen Phosphorylase

Pyruvate dehydrogenase

Isocitrate Dehydrogenase

Transketolase

Answer 29

Glycogen Synthase — No cofactors required

Glycogen Phosphorylase — Requires B6

Pyruvate dehydrogenase — Requires the big 5

Isocitrate Dehydrogenase — requires NAD

Transketolase — Requires B1

Question 30

Synthesis of Ceramide

Answer 30

Question 31

Biosynthesis of Sphingomyelin

Answer 31

Question 32

Sphingomyelin Degredation

Answer 32

Question 33

Glycerophospholipid Degredation

Answer 33

Question 34

Ganglioside Function

Answer 34