E4 - The urogenital system of domestic birds

Question 1

Urogenital system

Urinary system

Answer 1

Kidney:

• Location: fossa renalis of synsacrum​
• In contact with lungs
• Abdominal air sacs lie ventrally
• Division by a. iliaca externa:
  
  • Cranial division
  • Medial division
  • Caudal division
• Ø pelvis renalis
• Cortex renalis and medulla renalis are not clearly demarcated
• Bloo vessels of the kidney:
  
  • A. renalis cranialis/medialis/caudalis
    
    • ​A. renalis cranialis ex aorta
    • A. renalis ventralis ex a. ishiadica
  • ​ V. portae renalis recive blood from caudal part of the body
  • Portal valve regulates the amount of blood entering the kidney

Ureter:

• Arises from cranial division
• Travels caudally with genital duct
• Opens in urodeum

Ø bladder

Ø urethra

Question 2

Urogenital system

Male genital system

Answer 2

• 2 testis
  
  • Internal organ:
    
    • ​​Within the abdominal cavity over cranial division of kidney
    • Surrounded by abdominal air sac for cooling
  • Leads to ductus deferens
  • Left one is bigger
  • Enlarged during reproductive phase
• Epididymis
  
  • ​Internal organ
• Ductus deferns
  
  • Internal organ
  • Connected to the testis
  • ​Sends the sperm to a small papilla in the cloaca
• Phallus
  
  • ​External organ
  • 2 papilla, coming together from each side
  • Copulatory organ
• Ø accessory reproductive gland

Figure: phallus

Question 3

​Urogenital system

Female genital system

Answer 3

• Enlarges during reproductive stage
• Ø uteru
  
  • ​Tuba uterina opens into cloaca
• Division of tuba uterina:
  
  • ​Infundibulum (25-30 minutes)
    
    • ​Site of fertilization
    • Can store sperm in special folds
  • Magnum (3 hours)
    
    • ​Longest part of oviduct
    • Egg-shell production
  • Isthmus​ (1-2 hours)
  • “Uterus” (19-20 hours)
  • Cervix
  • Vagina / uterovaginal sphincter (1 minute)
    
    • ​Opens into urodeum