C23 - Scrotum, testis, epididymis, ductus deferens, accessory male genital glands, their blood supply and innervation Flashcards
1
Q
Structures to mention
A
Scrotum:
- Cutis scroti
- Raphe scroti
-
Tunica dartos
- Septum scroti
Testis:
- Extremitas capitata
- Extremitas caudata
- Facies lateralis
- Facies medialis
- Margo liber
- Margo epididymalis
- Tunica albuginea
-
Mediastinum testis (Ø eq)
- Septula testis
- Lobuli testis
-
Parenchyma testis
- Tubuli seminiferi contorti
- Tubuli seminiferi recti
- Rete testis
- Appendix testis (eq)
Epididymis:
-
Caput epididymidis
- Ductuli efferentes testis
- Corpus epididymidis
- Cauda epididymidis
- Lobuli epididymidis
- Ductus epididymidis
- Paradidymis
Funiculus spermaticus:
- Fascia spermatica externa
- M. cremaster
- Fascia cremasterica
- Fascia spermatica interna
-
Tunica vaginalis
- Lamina parietalis
- Lamina visceralis
- Anulus vaginalis
- Canalis vaginalis
- Cavum vaginale
-
Mesofuniculus
-
Mesorchium
- Mesorchium proximale [= Plica vasculosa]
- Mesorchium distale
- Mesoductus deferens [= Plica ductus deferentis]
- Mesepididymis
-
Mesorchium
- Lig. testis proprium
- Lig. caudae epididymidis
- Lig. scroti
- Bursa testicularis
2
Q
Scrotum
Location
A
- Located behind the penis, and in front of the anus
- External sac of skin (continous with the lower abdomen)
- Divided into 2 compartments, each compartment contains:
- Testes
- Glands that produce sperm (which one???)
- Epeididymis
- Horse and dog: Located in regio inguinalis
- Ruminants: Located below regio inguinalis
- Pig: Perineal
- Cat: Subanal
3
Q
Scrotum
Function
A
- Protect the testes and keep them at a temperature lower normal body temperature
- Cold: contracts (conserves heat)
- Warm: relax (permitting circulation of air)
4
Q
Scrotum
Give the layers of the scrotum
A
-
Cutis scroti (skin)
- Contains many sweat gland and sebaceous gland
- Hairless skin (ø fe)
-
Tunica dartosa
- Can not be separated from the skin
- Consists of smooth muscle bundles
- Forms septum scroti, marked externally by raphe scroti
- Continued cranially with raphe preputalis
-
Fascia spermatica externa
- Detached from deep and superficial fascia of the abdomen at the scrotum
- Adherent with cauda epididymis → lig. scroti
-
M. cremaster
- Derived from m. obliquus interna
- Cremaster reflex: raises the tunica vaginalis and brings testis and epididymis closer to the external inguinal ring
-
Fascia spermatica interna
- Detached from deep and superficial fascia of the abdomen at the scrotum
- Fused with tunica vaginalis
-
Tunica/processus vaginalis
- Formed by transvers fascia and peritoneum
- An evagination of pariteal peritoneum→ passing through canalis inguinalis → scrotum
- Distal part surrounds: testis and epididimys
- Proximal part surrounds: spermatic cord
- The vaginal cavity communicates with the abdominal cavity through ostium vaginae located within the internal opening of canalis inguinalis
- Formed by transvers fascia and peritoneum
5
Q
Scrotum
Ligaments
A
Ligaments of spermatic cord:
-
Lig. scroti
-
Connective tissue between tunica dartos and:
- Un: lig. caudae epididymis
- Car: cauda epididymis
-
Connective tissue between tunica dartos and:
-
Mesorchium
- Suspension of testis
- Mesorchium proximale: from origin of a/v. testicularis → mesoepididymis
- Mesorchium distale: from mesepididymis → testis
- Lig. testis proprium: from testis → epididymis
-
Lig. caudalis epididymis: between cauda epididymis →
- Un: l**amina parietalis
- Car: fascia spermatica interna
6
Q
Testis
Location
A
- Contained in the scrotum
- Together with epididymis
7
Q
Testis
- List the strucutres of the testis
- Draw the testis
A
- Extremitas capitata (Related to caput epididymis, cranial directed)
- Extremitas caudata (Related to cauda epididymis, caudal directed)
- Facies lateralis (Ru: caudal)
- Facies medialis (Ru: cranial)
- Margo liber (Ventral directed)
- Margo epididymalis (Dorsal directed)
- Tunica albuginea (Dense with capsule)
-
Mediastinum testis (Ø eq) (Axial strand of connective tissue from which the septula radiate)
- Septula testis (Interlobular partitions extending from the mediastinum testis → tunica albuginea)
- Lobuli testis
-
Parenchyma testis (Semiferous tubules)
- Tubuli seminiferi contorti (Convoluted seminiferous tubules)
- Tubuli seminiferi recti (Straight seminiferous tubules, from the convoluted tubules to the rete testis)
- Rete testis (Network of ducts in the mediastinum testis connecting the tubuli semiferi recti to the ductuli efferents)
- Appendix testis (eq) (Near caput epididymis)
8
Q
Testis
Give the axis of the testis
A
- Horse:
- Horizontal orientation
- Extremitas capitata points cranially
- Extremitas caudata points caudally
- Ruminant:
- Vertical orientation
- Extremitas capitata points dorsally
- Extremitas caudata points ventrally
- Ca, sus:
- Oblique orientation
9
Q
Epididymis
Structures
A
- Consists of coils of the elongated convoluted tubules
- Held together by connective tissue
- Can be divived into:
-
Caput epididymis (head)
- Attached to testicular capsule
- Receives efferent ducts of the testis
- Corpus epididymis (body)
-
Cauda epididymis (tail)
- The epididymal duct continues as cauda epididymis
- Attached to:
- *Extremitas caudalis* bylig. testis proprium**
-
Processus vaginalis by lig. caudae epididymis
- Fibers of this ligament extends fibers into deep layer of scrotum
-
Caput epididymis (head)
- Ductus epeididymis: where spermatazoa mature
Structures:
-
Caput epididymidis (Contains the lobulis epididymis)
- Ductuli efferentes testis (Efferent ductules, lead from the rete testis → ductus epididymis. Coiled to form lobuli epididymis)
- Corpus epididymidis (Consists of the coiled duct)
- Cauda epididymidis (Continuous with the ductus deferens)
- Lobuli epididymidis (Containing the coiled ductuli efferents testis in the caput epididymisia)
- Ductus epididymidis (Convoluted to form the epididymis)
- Paradidymis (Detached mesoneprhic tubules in the spermatic cord just proximal to caput epididymidis)
10
Q
Epididymis
Location
A
- Firmly attached along the testis
11
Q
Name the area between the testis and corpus epididymis
A
Bursa testicularis
12
Q
Spermatic cord (funiculus spermaticus)
A
- Formed by ductus deferens and surrounding tissue
- Runs from deep inguinal ring → to each testicle
- The spermatic cord can be divided into 3 layers of tissue:
-
Fascia spermatica externa
- Continuous with fascia m. oblqui externi abdominis
-
M. cremasterica and fascia
- Continous with m. obliqui interna abdominalis and its fascia
-
Fascia spermatica interna
- Continuous with fascia transversalis
-
Fascia spermatica externa
- Content:
- A. testicularis
- A. ductus deferentis
- A. cremasterica
- N. genitofemoralis → r. genitalis
- N. testicularis
- Ductus deferens
- Plexus pampiniformis
- Lymphatic vesses
- Tunica vaginalis (remains of processus vaginalis)
- Tunica vaginalis: extension of peritoneum, passing through transversalis fascia
Structures
- Fascia spermatica externa (Continuous with fascia m. oblqui externi abdominis)
- M. cremaster (Muscle on tunica vaginalis. Lies between the internal and external spermatic fascia and draws the testis towards canalis inguinalis)
- Fascia cremasterica (Cremasteric fascia on the m. cremaster)
- Fascia spermatica interna (Continuous with fascia transversalis)
-
Tunica vaginalis (Serous membranes covering the spermatic cord and testis)
- Lamina parietalis (Continuous with the parietal peritoneum)
- Lamina visceralis (Adherent to the testis, epididymis and spermatic cord)
- Anulus vaginalis (Vaginal ring. Where the peritoneum is evaginated to form lamina parietalis on tunica vaginalis)
- Canalis vaginalis (Potential space between lamina parietalis of the tunica vaginalis)
- Cavum vaginale (Between lamina parietalis and lamina visceralis around the testis)
-
Mesofuniculus (Strip of mesorchium between origin of mesoductus deferens and lamina parietalis)
-
Mesorchium (Peritoneal fold containing vessels and nerves of testis)
- Mesorchium proximale [= Plica vasculosa] (Extends from the origin of the testicular vessels → mesepididymis)
- Mesorchium distale (Extends from mesepididymis to the testis)
- Mesoductus deferens [= Plica ductus deferentis] (Attaches the ductus deferens to the mesorchium and to the abdominal and pelvic walls)
- Mesepididymis (Attaches the epididymis)
-
Mesorchium (Peritoneal fold containing vessels and nerves of testis)
- Lig. testis proprium (From testis → cauda epididymis)
- Lig. caudae epididymidis (Betwen the cauda epididymis → lamina parietalis (Un))
- Lig. scroti (Between tunica dartos and lig. caudae epididymis (Un) or the caudae epididymis (Car))
- Bursa testicularis (Formed by mesorchium distale, testis and epididymis)
13
Q
Ductus deferens
A
- Ductus deferens is the direct continuation of the ductus epididymis
- Pathway:
- Originates at the underlying part of cauda epididymis
- Passes along the medial border of the testis
- Ascends within the spermatic cord
- Enters the abdominal cavity through canalis inguinalis
- Forms a cranial convex loop within mesoducutus deferens (a fold of peritoneum)
- Opens in the proximal part of urethra at the colliculus seminalis
- The terminal part of ductus deferens is thickened to form ampulla ducuts deferens (ø su)
- Horse & ruminants: Ductus ejaculatorius: ductus deferens is joined by ductus excretorius of gl. vesicularis
Structures:
- Ampulla ductus deferentis (Ø su)
- Ductus ejaculatorius
- Plica genitalis
14
Q
Accessory male genital glands
Name the accessory male genital glands with their structures
A
- Ampulla ductus deferens (ø su)
-
Gl. vesicularis (ø car)
- Ductus excretorius
-
Gl. prostatae
- Facies ventralis
- Facies dorsalis
- __Corpus prostatae
- Pars disseminata prostatae
- Lobus dexter et sinister
- Isthmus prostatae (eq)
- Parenchyma
- Ductuli prostatici
- Capsula prostatae
-
Gl. bulbourethralis (ø ca)
- Ductus gl. bulbourethralis
15
Q
Accessory male genital glands
Where are the accessory male genital glands located in general?
A
Located along pelvic portion of urethra
19
Q
Accessory male genital glands
Draw the accessory male genital glands
A
