C9 - Liver, hepatic microcirculation, pancreas, blood supply and innervation Flashcards
1
Q
Liver
Structures to mention in the liver
A
-
Facies diaphragmatica (Diaphragmatic surface, covex)
- Area nuda (Not covered by tunica serosa)
-
Facies visceralis (In contact with the stomach, duodenum, jejunum, colon, right kidney)
- Fossa vesicae felleae (Gall bladder fossa)
- Lig. teres hepatis (Round ligament, remnant of v. umbilicalis)
- Porta hepatis (Hilius of the liver, passage for v. porta, ducuts hepaticus communis and a. hepatica)
- Impressio oesophagea (On margo dorsalis)
- Impressio gastrica (On left lobe)
- Impressio reticularis (Ru) (On left lobe)
- Impressio omasica (Ru) (On visceral surface)
- Impressio renalis (Ø su) (On the right lobe and caudate process)
- Margo dorsalis
- Margo dexter
- Margo sinister
- Margo ventralis
- Lobuli hepatis (Histological units of liver)
- Arteriae interlobulares (Between the lobuli hepatis)
- Venae interlobulares (Branches of the v. porta between the lobuli hepatis)
- Venae centrales (Terminal branch of the hepatic veins in the lobuli hepatis)
- Ductuli interlobulares (Interlobular bile duct)
- Ductuli biliferi (Biliferous ductules)
- Ductus hepaticus communis (Ø ca) (From the junction of the right and left hepatic ducts to the entry of the cystic duct)
- Ductus hepaticus dexter (Draining right part of the liver)
- Ductus hepaticus sinister (Draining left part of the liver)
- Margo acutus (Facies diaphragmatica et visceralis meet ventrolaterally, sharp-edged border)
- Margo obtusus (Facies diaphragmatica et visceralis meet dorsally, blunt border)
2
Q
Liver
Give the interspecies differences
A
- Facies visceralis:
- Impressio reticularis (ru)
- Impressio omasia (ru)
- Impressio renalis (ø sus)
- Ductus hepatis communis (ø ca)
3
Q
Liver
- Give the lobes of the liver
- Give the interspecies differences of the lobes
A
- Lobus hepatis dexter lateralis
- Lobus hepatis dexter medialis
- Lobus quadratus
-
Lobus caudatus
- Processus papillaris
- Processus caudatus
- Lobus hepatis sinister lateralis
- Lobus hepatis sinister medialis
- Ca: have all of the lobes
- Eq:
- Lobus hepatis dexter (ø divided lobus hepatis dexter)
- Ø processus caudatus
- Bo:
- Lobus hepatis dexter (ø divided lobus hepatis dexter)
- Lobus hepatis sinister (ø divided lobus hepatis sinister)
- Sus:
- Ø processus papillaris
4
Q
Liver
List the impressions on the liver
A
- Impressio oesophagea (On margo dorsalis)
- Impressio gastrica (On left lobe)
- Impressio reticularis (Ru) (On left lobe)
- Impressio omasica (Ru) (On visceral surface)
- Impressio renalis (Ø su) (On the right lobe and caudate process)
5
Q
Liver
Location
A
- Thoracic part of the abdomen
- Behind diaphragm
- The bluk of the liver lies to the right of the median plane
- Ru: development of rumen pushes the liver entirely into the right half of the abdomen
6
Q
Liver
What goes through porta hepatis
A
- Hilus of the liver
- Passage for:
- Vena porta
- Ductus hepaticus communis (bile duct)
- A. hepatica enter or leaves the liver
7
Q
Liver
Margins of the liver
A
- Margo dorsalis
- Margo ventralis
- Margo dexter
- Margo sinister
-
Margo acutus
- Facies diaphragmatica & facies visceralis meet ventrolaterally
- Sharped-edged border
-
Margo obtusus
- Facies diaphragmatica & facies visceralis meet dorsally
- Blunt border
8
Q
Liver
Give the ligaments and attachments of the liver
A
- The liver is related to the ventral mesentery during embryonic development
-
Lig. hepatogastricum
- O**mentum minus
- Liver → stomach
-
Lig. hepatoduodenale
- O**mentum minus
- Liver → pars cranialis duodeni
- Contains:
- V. portae
- A. hepatica
- Ductus choledochus
- Forms the ventral boundary of the foramen omentale
-
Lig. falciforme hepatis
- Liver → ventral abdominal wall
-
Lig. teres hepatis
- Liver → navel
- Round ligament
- Remnant of v. umbilicalis
-
Lig. coronarium hepatis (connecting ligg. triangularia and lig. falciforme hepatis)
-
Lig. triangulare dextrum
- Right free fold of lig. coronarium
- Right lobe of liver → diaphragm
-
Lig. triangulare sinistrum
- Left free fold of lig. coronarium
- Left lobe of liver → diaphragm
-
Lig. triangulare dextrum
9
Q
Liver
Draw the liver of the dog
A
10
Q
Liver
Hepatic microcirculation
A
-
Liver lobulse: structural unit of the liver
- Interlobular connective tissue separates them
-
Portal triad:
-
Composed of:
- A. hepatica
- V. porta
- Bile duct
- At the angle of the liver lobule
-
Composed of:
-
Hepatic sinusoids:
- Runs between hepatocytes
- Contains mixed blood:
- Blood from aa. interlobularis
- Blood from vv. interlobularis
- Empty into central veins
-
Vena porta:
- Enter the liver through porta hepatis
- Gives vv. interlobularis → enter the liver sinusoids
-
V. portae
-
Vv. interlobularis
-
Central veins
-
V. sublobularis
- V. hepaticae (leaves the liver, drains into v. cava caudalis)
-
V. sublobularis
-
Central veins
-
Vv. interlobularis
11
Q
Liver
Blood supply
A
Nutritive:
-
A. coeliaca
- A. hepatica
-
V. hepatica
- V. cava caudalis
Functional:
- Vena portae → v. interlobularis → Vv. circulobularis → R. intralobularis (filtration) → Vv. centralis → V. sublobularis → Vv. hepaticae → V. cava caudalis
- Vena portae: venous blood from the intestines are cleaned into the liver
12
Q
Liver
Innervation
A
N. vagus (parasympathetic) → ggl. coeliacum (sympathetic) (enter at the porta)
13
Q
Liver
- Structures to mention in the gall bladder
- Function of the gall bladder
- Location
- Draw the gall bladder
A
1. Structures:
- Vesica fella (ø eq)
- Fundus vesicae felleae (Bottom of the gall bladder, blind end)
- Corpus vesicae felleae
- Collum vesicae felleae
- Ductus cysticus (Joins the ductus hepaticus communis to form ductus choledochus)
- Ductus hepatocystici (ca, Ru)
- Ductus choledochus (Common bile duct, formed by the union of the cystic and common hepatic duct and ending on the papilla duodeni major
2. Functions of the gall bladder:
- Bile is produced in the liver
- Bile is stored in the gallbladder
- Bile is excreted into the duodenum when needed
- Bile helps dissolve fat and cholesterol
- If bile salts crystallize, gallstones is formed
3. Location:
- Fossa vesica fellae on fascies visceralis
- Between lobus quaudatus and right medial lobe
- Unattached portion is covered with serosa
14
Q
Pancreas
Structures to mention on the pancreas
A
- Lobus pancreatis dexter (In the mesoduodenum descenden)
- Corpus pancreatis (Middle part, in contact with the cranial part of the duodenum)
- Lobus pancreatis sinister (On fascies visceralis of the stomach, ru: dorsal to rumen)
- Incisura pancreatis (ca, Ru) (Notch for v. portae, in margo caudalis)
- Anulus pancreatis (su, eq) (Ring of pancreas, around v. portae)
- Facies ventralis
- Facies dorsalis
- Margo cranialis
- Margo caudalis
- Margo dexter
- Margo sinister
- Ductus pancreaticus (Ø su, bo) (Opening on the papilla duodeni major)
- Ductus pancreaticus accessorius (Opening on the papilla duodeni minor, ca: largest duct, su, bo: the only duct)
- Islet of langerhans (Histological, endocrine part of the pancreas)
15
Q
Pancreas
Interspecies differences
A
- Incisura pancreatis (ca, ru)
- Anulus pancreatis (sus, eq)
- Ductus pancreaticus (sus, bo)
Arrangement of pancreatic duct:
- Dog & horse:
- Ductus pancreaticus → papilla duodeni major
- Ductus pancreaticus accessorius → papilla duodeni minor
- Swine & ox:
- Only ductus pancreaticus accessorius
- Small ruminants:
- Only ductus pancreaticus
