B10 - Aorta abdominalis, v. cava caudalis, v. portae

Question 1

Aorta abdominalis

1. Name the branches
2. Draw

Answer 1

• Begins after passing through hiatus aorticus of the diaphragm
• The aorta lies to to left of vena cava caudalis and contacts the thoracic duct and the inner lumbar muscles dorsally

1. A. phrenica caudalis (ø eq) → tr. phrenicoabdominalis (ca)
   
   1. Ca: A. abdominalis cranialis
   2. Ca: A. prhenica caudalis???
   3. usually arises in company with a. abdominalis cranialis
2. Aa. lumbales
   
   • Corresponds to number of lumbar vertebrae
   • Pattern of branching resembels that of the a. intercostalis dorsalis
3. A. coeliaca
   
   1. ​A.gastrica sinistra
   2. A. hepatica
      
      1. ​A. gastrica dextra
      2. A. gastroepiploica dextra (anastomoses with a. gastroepiploica sinistra)​
   3. A. lienalis
      
      1. ​A. gastroepiploica sinistra (anastomoses with a. gastroepiploica dextra)
4. ​A. mesenterica cranialis (given off between L4-L6, species dependent)
   
   1. ​A. pancreatoduodenalis caudalis
   2. Aa. jejunalis
   3. A. ileocolica
5. A. renalis dextra (arises further cranial than a. renalis sinistra)
6. A. renalis sinistra
7. ​A. testicularis/ovarica (arises between L3-L5, species dependent)
8. A. mesenterica caudalis
9. _A. circumflexa ilium profunda_ (ca??)
10. A. iliaca externa sin/dex → a. femoralis
11. A. iliaca interna sin/dext
    
    • ​​Supplies the pelvic organs
12. A. sacralis mediana

Question 2

Vena cava caudalis

Answer 2

• Collects blood from the hindlimbs and pelvic organs
• Arises from the caudal part of the sinus venosus of the right atrium
• Gose through foramen venaca cavae in centrum tendineum of the diaphragm
• Turns dorsal in the abdomen
  
  • Runs between right crus of the liver
• Runs dorsally over the liver, and creates the sulcus venace cavae of the fascies diaphragmatica of the liver
• Biforcates into vv. iliacae communis caudal in the lumbar region
• It passes between the caudal and accessory lobes of the right lung

1. V. phrenicae cranialis*** & ***v. abdominalis cranialis (ca)
2. V. prenicae caudalis
3. Vv. hepaticae
4. Vv. lumbales
5. V. renalis
   
   • ​Sus: ​v. abdominalis cranialis
   • Ru, eq: r. suprarenalis
   • Ca: v. renalis sinistra → v. testicularis ovarica sinistra
6. V. testicularis/ovarica
   
   • ​Male: forms plexus pampiformis with arteries??
   • Females: large major vein of the uterus
7. V. circumflexa ilium profunda
   
   1. ​Ca, ox, eq: duplicated

Brances that joins throught the vv. hepatica after passing through the liver (v. portae):

1. V. iliaca communis​
   
   1. ​V. circumflexa ilium profunda (ø ca)
   2. V. iliolumbalis

Question 3

Vena cava caudalis

Draw the terminal subdivision of the caudal vena cava, interspecies differences

Answer 3

• ventral view

Question 4

V. portae

General lnformation

Answer 4

• V. portae drains the:
  
  • Spleen
  • Pancreas
  • Stomach
  • Small intestine
  • Large intestine
  • Caudal part of throacic espohagus
  • Cranial segement of rectum
• Drains into the liver at its porta, where it divides in to:
  
  • ​V. interlobaris
  • V. interlobularis
• This is the hepatic capillary system and the hepatic veins are then connected to v. cava caudalis
• It provides the functional circulation to the liver
• Portal system: V. porta + tributaries
• Root vessels of v. portae:
  
  • ​V. mesenterica caudalis
  • V. mesenterica cranialis
  • V. lienalis
    
    • ​V. gastroduodenalis??
• Enters liver → liver sinusoids = blood-filled cavities enclosed by sheets of hepatic cells
• Blood from sinusoids → central vein → efferant venous system → v. interlobularis → vv. hepatica
• Mix of dexoygenated and oxygenated blood in the liver due to:
  
  • Functional blood supply: v. portae
  • Nutritional blood supply: a. hepatica
• Foetus: V. umbilicails enters the liver → posterior v. cava
  
  • ​Ductus venosus (disappears after birth)
• Terminal course: with omentum minor, ventral to for. epiploicum

Question 5

V. portae

Give the branches

Answer 5

Question 6

V. portae

Draw

Answer 6