D1 - Meninges of the brain and spinal cord, their blood supply Flashcards

1
Q

Meninges of the brain and spinal cord

Division

A
  • The CNS is enclosed by soft tissue membranes, called meninges
  • Divided into 3 different layers:
    1. Dura mater
    2. Arachnoidea
    3. Pia mater
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2
Q

Meninges of the brain and spinal cord

Dura mater

A
  • Outer most layer, fused with inner periosteum
  • Separated form the periosteum linging of the vertebral canal by the epidural space
    • Epidural space: Fat, fluid and internal venous system
  • Splits from hemispheres at for. magnum
  • 3 meninges converge caudal in filum terminale
  • Falix cerebri: Extension form dorsal and rostral. DN in between 2 hemispheres
  • Diaphragma sellae: Horizontal extension, separat of hypopyses form brain
  • Dura mater encephali
    • Falix cerebri (within fissura longitudinalis cerebri)
    • Tentorium cerebelli membranaceum (separating the two hemisphers from cerebellum)
    • Diaphragma sellae (partly separating hypophysis from brain)
    • Incisura tentorii (tentorial notch from the passage of the brainstem)
    • Cavum trigeminale (pouch for ggl. trigeminale)
    • Cavum subdurale (subdural cavity)
  • Dura mater spinalis (separated from the wall of vertebral canal by cavum epidurale)
    • Filum durae matris spinalis (caudal end of dura mater spinalis)
    • Cavum epidurale (epidural space, between dura mater spinalis and periosteum of canalis vertebralis)
    • Cavum subdurale
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3
Q

Meninges of the brain and spinal cord

Arachnoidea

A
  • Between dura mater and pia mater
  • Has 2 layers
    • Each layer is fused to one of the former parts
  • Subarachnoid space: Between the two membranes
    • Filled with cerebrospinal fluid
  • At certain sites, this space is enlarge to form cisternae, which can be used for the extraction of CSF or for injection
    • Cerebellomedullary cistern: Where caudal surface of cerebellum meets the dorsal surface of medulla oblongata
  • Arachnoidea encephali (connected by trabeculae with pia)
    • Cavum subarachnoidale (filled with liqour cerebrospinalis)
  • Arachnoidea spinalis
    • ​Cavum subarachnoidale (filled with liqour cerebrospinalis)
      • Cisternae subarachnoidales (enlargement of cavum subarachnoidale​)
    • Cisterna cerebellomedullaris (enlargement of subarachnoid space between cerebellum and medulla oblogata. Can be reached in living animals by passing needle between atlas and skull → cisterna puncture)
    • Cisternae valleculae lateralis (enlargement of subarachnoid space in vallecula lateralis cerebri)
    • Cisterna chiasmatis (around chiasma opticum)
    • Cisterna interpeduncularis (within fossa interpeduncularis)
    • Granulationes arachnoideales (evaginations of arachnoidea through dura mater into sinus dura matirs)
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4
Q

Meninges of the brain and spinal cord

Pia mater

A
  • The innermost layer of the meninges
  • Directly attached to the brain and the spinal cord
  • Attached to the outer surface of the brain and spinal cord
  • Many branches from arteries within pia mater penetrate the brain and cord substances.
  • A thickening of the pia mater fills the fissura ventralis of the spinal cord
  • In direct contact with glia limiting membrane of neural tissue
  • Lig. denticulate: bilaterally thickening alont the lateral surface of the spinal cord
    • Tranverese the subarachnoid space and attaches to dura mater
  • Pia mater encephali
    • ​Tela choridea ventriculi quarti
    • Plexus choroideus ventricul quarti
    • Tela choridea ventriculi tertii
    • Plexus choroideus ventricul lateralis
    • Glomus choroideum
  • Pia mater spinalis
    • ​Lig. denticulatum (fibrous anchors of medulla spinalis to dura)
    • Septum intermedium (connective tissue separating faciculus gracilis from faciculus cuneatus in the cervical part of spinal cord)
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5
Q

Meninges of the brain and spinal cord

Blood supply?????

A
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