C26 - Uterus, its suspension, blood supply and innervation

Question 1

Uterus

Structures to mention

Answer 1

• Uterus bicornis
• Cornu uteri dextrum et sinistrum
  
  • Margo mesometricus (Side attached to mesometrium)
  • Margo liber (side opposite to mesometrium)
• Lig. intercornuale (Ru) (Crosses the acute angle between the cornua)
• Corpus uteri (Undivided part between cornua → cervix)
• Margo uteri dexter et sinister (Right and left borders of corpus and cervix to which the mesometrium is attached)
• Facies dorsalis
• Cavum uteri
• Facies ventralis
• Cervix uteri (Neck of the uterus. Thick-walled vaginal end which effects the closure of the uterus)
  
  • Portio prevaginalis (Part of the cervix cranial to the vagina)
  • Portio vaginalis (Part of the cervix that projects into the vagina)
• Ostium uteri internum (Between the corpus uteri and cervix uteri)
• Ostium uteri externum (Between the cervix uteri and vagina)
• Canalis cervicis uteri
  
  • Plicae longitudinales (Longitudinal folds of cervical mucosa)
  • Plicae circulares (Ru) (Circular folds of cervical mucosa which close the canal)
  • Pulvini cervicales (su) (Cervical cushions, interdigitating processes which close the canal)
• Parametrium (Connective tissue, smooth muscle, vessels, and nerves between the peritoneal laminae of the mesometrium)
• Carunculae (Ru) (Eminences of the endometrium, enlarge in pregnancy)
• Lig. teres uteri (Extends from the tip of cornu uteri → deep inguinal ring)
• Mesometrium (Part of lig. latum uteri attached to the uterus)
• Processus vaginalis peritoneii (ca) (Vaginal process of the peritoneum in inguinal canal. Males: tunica vaginalis after the descent of the testis)

Question 2

Uterus

Interspecies differences

Answer 2

• Lig. intercorunale (ru)
• Canalis cervicis uteri
  
  • Plicae circulares (ru)
  • Pulvini cervicales (su)
• Carunculae (ru)
• Processus vaginalis peritoneii (ca)
• Horse:
  
  • Uterus has a wide lumen
  • Cornu uteri: straight, shorter than that of dog, and slightly curved
  • Corpus: large and about as long as cornu uteri
  • Cervix: thick walls and a prominent intravaginal projection
• Dog:
  
  • Cornu uteri:
    
    • ​ery long and slender
    • Caudally the horns are united by peritoneum for a short distance and lie close together on each side of the median plane, but open separately into the uterine body
  • Cervix: very short, ostium uteri interunum and externum lie very close, no portio vaginalis
• Swine:
  
  • Cornu uteri: very long
  • Corpus: very short
  • Cervix:
    
    • ​Long
    • Opens gradually into the vagina without noticeable demarcation
    • Pulvini cervicales
• Ruminant:
  
  • Cornu uteri:
    
    • ​Long
    • Form spirals
    • Lig. intercorunale
  • Corpus: short
  • Cervix:
    
    • ​Long
    • Plicae circulares

Question 3

Uterus

Location

Answer 3

• Most in the abdominal cavity
• Cervix is in the pelvic cavity
• Dorsal to the small intesines

Question 4

Uterus

Give the main division

Answer 4

• Cervix uteri
• Corpus uteri
• 2 cornu uteri

Question 5

Uterus

Cornu uteri

Answer 5

• Muscular tube
• Diverge form the cranial end of corpus uteri
• Margo mesometricus: Side of horns attached to mesometrium​
• Margo liber: Opposite side of margo mesometricus
• Lig. intercorunale (ru): between the cornua
• Ca, eq: straight
• Ru: curved
• Su: colied, loops

Question 6

Uterus

Corpus uteri

Answer 6

• Muscular tube
• Between cornu uteri and cervix
• Margo uteri dexter et sinister:
  
  • ​Borders of the corpus uteri and cervix uteri to which the mesometrium is attached

Question 7

Uterus

Cervix uteri

Answer 7

• Most caudal part
• Connects uterus to the vagina
• Cylindrical
• Thick wall of smooth muscles
• The lumen of the cervix is the canalis cervicis is formed by mucosal folds
  
  • Car, eq: Plicae longitudinales (arranged longitudinally)
  • Ru: Plicae circulares (circular folds)
  • Su: Pulvini cervicales (rows of prominences)
• Ostium uteri internum: cervix opens cranially into corpus uteri
• Ostium uteri externum: cervix opens caudally into the vagina
• Portio vaginalis:
  
  • ​Most caudal part of the cervix
  • Eq, ru: projects into the vaginal lumen, where it is surrounded by fornix vaginae
  • Ca, su: the cervical canal widens to continue into the vagina

Structures:

• Cerivx uteri
  
  • ​Portio prevaginalis (Part of the cervix cranial to the vagina)
  • Portio vaginalis (Part of the cervix that project into the vagina)
• Ostium uteri internum
• Ostium uteri externum
• Canalis cervicis uteri
  
  • ​Plicae longitudinales
  • Plicae circulares (ru)
  • Pulvini cervicales (su)

Question 8

Uterus

Layers

Answer 8

• Consists of 3 layers

1. Endometrium
   
   • Mucosal layer
   • ​Lining the lumen of the uterus
   • Thickness varies depending on the stage of oestrus cycle
   • Tubular glands opens on the surface
2. Myometrium
   
   • ​Muscular layer
   • Consists of 2 layers of smooth muscles:
     
     • Thick circular layer (inner)
     • Thinner longitudinal layer (outer)
   • Betwenn the 2 layers: blood vessels
3. Perimetrium (external layer)
   
   • ​Serosal layer
   • External to myometrium
   • Continous with lig. latum uteri

Question 9

Suspension

???? riktig?

Answer 9

• Lig. latum uteri (corpus uteri & cornu uteri)
  
  • Mesometrum (ending on corpus uteri and cornu uteri. Blood vessels, lymphatics and nerves reaches uterus through mesometrium)
  • ​Mesovarium (attached to ovary)
  • Mesosalphinx (detached lateral fold, cotains tuba uterina, forms lateral wall of bursa ovarica)
    
    • ​Mesovarium proximale (abdominal wall → mesosalphinx)
    • Mesovarium distale (mesosalphinx → ovary)
• Lig. intercorunale (ru) (crosses the acute angle between the cornua)
• Parametrium (between the peritoneal laminae of the mesometrium)
• Lig. teres uteri (from cornu uteri → deep inguinal ring. Enclosed in a lateral fold of lig. latum uteri)
• Processus vaginalis peritoneii (ca)
• Lig. latum uteri:
  
  • ​Arise from the dorsolateral wall of the pelvic cavity, and form the roof the abdominal cavity
  • Male: homologous with mesoductus deferens and plica genitalis (in ductus deferens)

Question 10

Comparison of analog mesentery and ligaments of the female ovary and male testis

Answer 10

Question 11

• Excavations*
• Not directly linked to the topic*

Answer 11

Question 12

Blood supply

Sjekk opp mot andre notater, tatt fra Silje sine

Answer 12

Cornu uteri:

• Aorta abdominalis → a. ovarica → r. uterinus (to cranial part of horns)

Uterus:

• Ca: a. pudenda interna → a. vaginalis → a. uterina
• Eq: a. iliaca interna → a. uterina
• Ru, sus: a. iliaca interna → a. umbilicalis → a. uterina
• A. pudenda interna → a. vaginalis

Question 13

Innervation

Answer 13

• Sympathetic:
  
  • ​Ggl. mesenterica caudalis
    
    • ​Hypogastric pelvic plexus
      
      • ​N. genitofemoralis
• Parasympathetic:
  
  • Pelvic plexus
    
    • N. pudendus (motor & sensory)
      
      • N. rectalis (motor & sensory)