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Anatomy 3 oral > A25 - Flexores et extensores digitorum membri thoracici > Flashcards

A25 - Flexores et extensores digitorum membri thoracici Flashcards

Digital extensors and flexors of the forelimb

1
Q

Which muscles should be mentioned in the topic?

A

Extensors of the forelimb phalanges:

  1. M. extensor carpi radialis
  2. M. extensor carpi ulnaris
  3. M. extensor digitorum communis
    • ​ Caput accessorium (eq, bo)
  4. M. extensor digitorum lateralis
    • ​Caput accessorium (eq)
  5. M. extensor digiti I et II (Ca)
  6. M. abductor digiti 1 longus

Flexors of the forelimb phalanges:

  1. M. flexor digitalis superficialis
    • ​Lig. accessorium (eq) (proximal check ligament)
    • Manica flexoria
  2. M. flexor digitalis profundus
    • Caput humerale
    • Caput ulnare
    • Caput radiale
    • Lig. accessorium (eq) (distal check ligament)
    • Lamina transversa (eq, bo)
  3. M. flexor carpi radialis
  4. M. flexor carpi ulnaris
    • Caput humerale
    • Caput ulnare
  5. M. interflexorii (ø eq)
  6. M. interossei
  7. M. flexor digitalis brevis (ca)
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2
Q

Give the extensors of the forelimb phalanges

A
  1. M. extensor carpi radialis
  2. M. extensor carpi ulnaris
  3. M. extensor digitorum communis
    • ​ Caput accessorium (eq, bo)
  4. M. extensor digitorum lateralis
    • ​Caput accessorium (eq)
  5. M. extensor digiti I et II (Ca)
  6. M. abductor digiti 1 longus
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3
Q

M. extensor carpi radialis

A
  • Origin: Crista supracondylaris lateralis of humerus
  • Insertion: Mc 2-3, dorsal
  • Action: Strongest extensor of carpal joints
  • Innervation:
    • N. radialis
      • r. profundus
      • r. superficialis (med/lat)
      • r. cutaneus antebrachii lateralis
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4
Q

M. extensor carpi ulanris

A
  • Origin: Epicondylus lateralis of humerus
  • Insertion:
    • ​Lateral on Mc 5 (eq: Mc4 instead)
    • A**ccessory carpal bone
  • Action:
    • ​Abducts and lateral rotation of the carpal joint
    • Extends the carpal joint
  • Innervation:
    • N. radialis
      • r. profundus
      • r. superficialis (med/lat)
      • r. cutaneus antebrachii lateralis
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5
Q

M. extensor digitorum communis

A
  • Eq: additional caput accessorium
  • Origin:
    • Ca: Epicondylus lateralis of humerus
    • Eq: Caput radiale
  • Insertion:
    • Ca: Processus extensorius of Ph3, digit 2-5
    • Eq: Ph1 (with m. extensor digitorum lateralis)
  • Action: Extends carpus and joints of digits
  • Innervation: N. radialis

(eq: ikke i PowerPoint, adda selv)

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6
Q

M. extensor digitorum lateralis

A
  • Origin:
    • ​Ca: Epicondylus lateralis of humerus
    • Eq: Radius and ulna, proximal
  • Insertion:
    • Dog:
      • Goes to digits 3-5, at the level of first digit it unites with tendons from m. extensor digitorum communis and m. interosseous
      • Inserts on Ph3, processus extensorius
    • Eq: Ph1, proximal (with m. extensor digitorum communis)
  • Action:
    • Ca: Extend carpus and joints of digits 3, 4 and 5
    • Eq: Extends carpus
  • Innervation:
    • N. radialis

(eq: ikke på PowerPoints, adda selv)

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7
Q

M. extensor digiti I et II

A

Ca​

  • Origin: Middle third of ulna
  • Insertion:
    • ​Pollicis: Mc 1, head
    • Indicis: unites with m. extensor digitorum communis, together inserts on Ph3 of digit 2
  • Action:
    • ​Extends digits 1 and 2
    • Indicis adducts dew claw
  • Innervation:
    • N. radialis
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8
Q

M. abductor digiti I longus

A
  • Origin:
    • Ca:
      • Adjacent lateral surface of radius and ulna
      • From interosseous membrane
    • Eq: Middle of radius, craniolateral
  • Insertion: Mc, base (medially)
    • Ca: Mc 1
    • Eq, su : Mc 2
    • Ru: Mc 3
  • Action:
    • Ca: extends and abducts digit 1
    • Other animals: extend the carpal joint
  • Innervation: N. radialis

(eq: ikke i PowerPoint, adda selv)

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9
Q

Give the flexors of the forelimb phalanges

A
  1. M. flexor digitalis superficialis
    • ​Lig. accessorium (eq) (proximal check ligament)
    • Manica flexoria
  2. M. flexor digitalis profundus
    • Caput humerale
    • Caput ulnare
    • Caput radiale
    • Lig. accessorium (eq) (distal check ligament)
    • Lamina transversa (eq, bo)
  3. M. flexor carpi radialis
  4. M. flexor carpi ulnaris
    • Caput humerale
    • Caput ulnare
  5. M. interflexorii (ø eq)
  6. M. interossei
  7. M. flexor digitalis brevis (ca)
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10
Q

M. flexor digitorum superficialis

A
  • Origin: Epicondylus medialis of humerus
  • Insertion: Ph2 palmar surface
    • Dog: digit 2-5
  • Action:
    • Ca: To flex the carpus and affected joints of digits II-V
    • Eq:
      • Flex digits and carpus
      • Extends elbow joint
  • Innervation:
    • ​Ca: N. medianus
    • Eq: N. ulnaris
  • Its insertion tendon divides for the major digits:
    • Dog: Into 4
    • Cat: Into 5
    • Eq: Undivided
    • Ru. sus: Into 2

Horse:

  • Additional lig. accessorium/proximal check ligament
    • Coming from the distal portion of radius to m. flexor dig. superficialis
    • The ligament is a part of the passive stay apparatus
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11
Q

M. flexor digitorum profundus

A
  • Origin:
    • ​Caput humerale: epicondylus medialis of the humerus
    • Caput radiale: radius, caudal surface
    • Caput ulnare: olecranon, medial
  • Insertion:
    • ​Ca: Ph3 of digits 1-5, palmar surface on tuberculum flexorium
    • Eq: Ph3, facies flexoria
  • Action:
    • ​Flexes the carpus and all the digits
    • Un: helps fixing the fetlock joint
  • Innervation:
    • N. ulnaris
    • N. medianus (ca)

Horse:

  • Caput ulnare: mostly tendinous
  • Lig. accessorium/distal check ligament
    • Joining to m. flexor dig. profundus, which is the fibrous continuation of the palmar carpal ligament and a part of the passive stay apparatus
    • The two digital flexor tendons are surrounded by vagina synovialis communis musculi flexorii proximalis at the carpal joint, and vagina synovialis communis musculi flexorii distalis at the fetlock joint
  • Vagina synovialis communis mm. flexorium: around the flexor tendons, at the level of the carpus
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12
Q

M. flexor carpi radialis

A
  • Origin: Epicondylus medialis of humerus
  • Insertion: Mc 2-3 (palmar)
  • Action: Flex carpus
  • Innervation: N. medianus
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13
Q

M. flexor carpi ulnaris

A
  • Origin:
    • ​Caput ulnare: Olecranon on caudal border and medial surface
    • Caput humerale: Epicondylus medialis of humerus
  • Insertion: Accessory carpal bone
  • Action: Flexes the carpus
  • Innervation: (same as m. flexor digitorum profundus)
    • ​N. ulnaris
      • r. cutaneous antebrachii caudalis
  • Eq: not divided, two heads unite
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14
Q

Mm. interflexorii

A

Ø eq

Binds the bellies or tendons of the superficial and deep flexors together

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15
Q

M. flexord digitorum brevis

A

Ca

  • Origin: M. flexor digitorum superficialis
  • Insertion: Dog: digit 5
  • Action: To assist in flexing of digit(s)
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16
Q

M. interossei

A
  • Origin: Proximal part of the metacarpals
  • Insertion:
    • Ca: On the sesamoid bones of the first digital joint
    • Eq: Proximal sesamoid bones
  • Action:
    • To flex the metacarpalphalangeal joint of the supporting digits in ca and sus
    • Eq: counteracts overextension of fetlock joint (suspensory ligament)
  • Innervation:
    • N. ulnaris
17
Q

Horse: What provides gliding surface for the digital flexor tendons?

A
  • Scutum proximale (firbocartilaginous surface of lig. palmare for then digital flexor tendons)
  • Scutum medium (fibrocartilagenous surface at Ph2 palmar, proximal side for the digital flexor tendons)
  • Scutum distale (fibrocartilagenous surface at the distal sesamoid bone on the palmar side for the deep digital flexor tendon)
18
Q

Give the short muscles of the digits

A
  • Divide into
    1. Common short muscles of the digits
      • M. interossei
      • Mm. lumbricales (ø ru)
      • M. flexor digitalis brevis (ca)
    2. Special short muscles of the digits (mainly in carnivores, activates the movement of induvidual muscles)
      • 1st digit:
        • M. flexor pollicis brevis
        • M. abductor pollicis brevis
        • M. adductor pollicis
      • 2nd digit:
        • M. adductor digiti II
      • 5th digit:
        • M. flexor digiti V
        • M. assuctor digiti V
        • M. abductor digit V

Anatomy 3 oral (122 decks)

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