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Anatomy 3 oral > C17 - Larynx, blood supply and innervation > Flashcards

C17 - Larynx, blood supply and innervation Flashcards

1
Q

Role of larynx

A
  • Protection of lower respiratory passages from getting filled with liquids or food
  • Phonation - voice formation
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2
Q

What does the larynx connect?

A

Larynx forms connection between pharynx and the tracheobronchial tree

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3
Q

Location of larynx

A
  • Larynx lies below pharynx
  • Behind the mouth
  • Suspended from the cranial base of the hyoid apparatus
    • ​Because of its connection with the tongue and hyoid bone, the larynx shift its position during swallowing.
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4
Q

Cartligaes

List the cartilages of the larynx

A
  • Epiglottis
  • Cart. thyroidea
  • Cart. cricoidea
  • Cart. arythnoidea
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5
Q

Cartilages

Epiglottis

A
  • Facies lingualis
  • Facies laryngea
  • Basis (Attached to cart. thyroidea)
  • Apex (Free rostral)
  • Petiolus epiglottidis
  • Cartilago epiglottica
    • Processus cuneiformis (eq) (Projects in the vestibular fold)
  • Lig. thyreoepiglotticum (Attaches epiglottis base → cart. thyroidea)
  • Lig. hyoepiglotticum (From basihyoideum and keratohyoideum → epiglotttis)
  • Unpaired
  • Most rostral part of larynx
  • Elastic cartilage
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6
Q

Cartilages

Cart. thyroidea

A
  • Lamina dextra et sinistra (Plates joined ventrally to form the thyroid cartilage)
  • Incisura thyreoidea rostralis (Ru)
  • Incisura thyreoidea caudalis
  • Linea obliqua (On the lateral surface of the lamina, for muscle attachment)
  • Cornu rostrale (Ø su) (Articulates with the os hyoideum)
  • Cornu caudale (Articulates with the cart. cricoidea)
  • Fissura thyreoidea (Between the rostral horn and the lamina)
    • Foramen thyreoideum (In the caudal end of the thyroid fissure)
  • Articulatio thyreohyoidea
  • Membrana thyreohyoidea (From the rostral border of the thyroid lamina to the basihyoid and thyrohyoid bones)
  • Unpaired
  • Foramen tyrohyoideum transmits sensory fibers of n. laryngeus cranialis for innervation of mucous membrane
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7
Q

Cartilages

Cart. cricoidea

A
  • Arcus cartilaginis cricoideae (Narrow ventral part)
  • Lamina cartilaginis cricoideae (Broad dorsal part)
    • Crista mediana
  • Articulatio cricothyreoidea
  • Lig. cricothyreoideum (From cart. cricoidea → laminae thyroidea)
  • Lig. cricotracheale (Membrane between the cricoid cartilage and the first tracheal ring)
  • Unpaired
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8
Q

Cartilages

Cart. arythnoidea

A
  • Proc.vocalis (Ventral projection, attachment for vocal ligament)
  • Proc. muscularis (At the caudal end of the crista arcurata)
  • Proc. corniculatus (ø fe)
  • Proc. cuneiformis (ca) (Attached to the apex of the arytenoid. Supports the plica aryepiglottica and the plica vestibuli)
  • Cartilago interarytenoidea (ca, su) (Dorsal to lig. arythnoideum transversum)
  • Cartilago sesamoidea (ca) (Lies across the dorsal surface of the cart. arythnoidea, caudal to the proc. corniculatus)
  • Articulatio cricoarytenoidea
  • Lig. cricoarytenoideum (From the cricoid lamina → base of cart. arythnoidea)
  • Paired
  • Opens and close the glottis
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9
Q

Articulations

List the articulations in larynx

A
  1. Hyoepiglottic connection
    • ​Formed by lig. hyoepiglotticum
    • Base of epiglottis → hyoid bone
  2. Thyroepiglottic connection
    • ​​Formed by lig. thyroepiglotticum
    • Base of epiglottis → cart. thyroidea
  3. Thyroid cartilage and thyrohyoid connectio
    • ​Membrana thyrohyoidea
      • ​Extends from cart. thyroidea → basihyoid & thyrohyoid
  4. Interarytenoid connection
    • ​Formed by lig. arytenoideum transversum
      • ​Connects the dosocaudal angles of the two cartilages
  5. Cricoarythnoid connection
    • ​Regulates the size of the glottic opening
  6. Cricothyroid connection
    • ​Allows rotation around a transverse axis
  7. Cricotracheal connection
    • ​Formed by lig. cricotracheale

Articulation:

  1. Lig. hyoepiglotticum
  2. ​Lig. thyroepiglotticum
  3. ​Membrana thyroidea
  4. Lig. arythnoideum transversus (between 2 arythnoid cartilages)
  5. Lig. cricoarythnoideum
  6. Lig. cricothyroideum
  7. Lig. circotracheale
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10
Q

List the muscles of the larynx

A
  • Extrinsic musculature:
    1. M. hyopharyngeus
    2. M. thyropharyngeus
    3. M. thyrohyoideus
    4. M. sternothyroideus
    5. M. sternohyoideus
  • Action: move the larynx during swallowing
  • Intrinsic muscles:
    1. M. cricothyroideus
      • ​Cricoid arch → thyroid cartilage
      • Tense vocal cords
    2. M. cricoarytenoideus dorsalis
      • ​Cricoid lamina → proc. muscularis of cart. arythonidea
      • ​Widens the glottis
    3. M. cricoarytenoideus lateralis
      • ​Cricoid arch → proc. muscularis of cart. arythonidea
      • Narrows glottis
    4. M. thyroarytnenoideus
      • ​Cranial part of laryngeal floor (cart. thyroidea) → proc. muscularis of cart. arythonidea**​
      • Ca, eq: divided into m. ventricularis (rostral) and m. vocalis (dorsal)
    5. M. hyoepiglottis
    6. M. vocalis
    7. M. ventricularis
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11
Q

Laryngeal cavity

A
  • Ventriculus laryngis:
    • ​Car, sus, eq: diverticulum of the laryngeal mucosa in the lateral wall
    • Fe, ru: Ø ventricles, but shallow depressions
    • Plica vestibularis encloses:
      • Lig. vestibularis
      • M. ventricularis
      • Proc. cueniformis of cart. arythnoidea
    • Plica vocalis contains:
      • Lig. vocalis
      • M. vocalis
    • Bounded laterally by: cart. thyroidea
    • Bounded medially by: cart. arythnoidea
  • Plica aryepiglottica:
    • ​On each side of the entrance of the larynx
    • Arises from the lateral margins of the epiglottis
    • Encloses the entrance to the laryngeal cavity:
      • Plica
      • Epiglottis
      • Proc. corniculatus
    • Recessus piriformis:
      • ​Two channels of the floor of laryngopharynx
      • Bounded medially by:
        • Epiglottis
        • Plica aryepiglottica
      • Bonuded laterally by:
        • Thyroid lamina
        • Hyoid bones
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12
Q

Cavum laryngis

The cavity of the larynx

A
  • Divided into 3 sections
  1. Vestibulum laryngis:
    1. ​Extends from aditus laryngis → glottis
    2. Auditus laryngis:
      1. ​Rostral part of the wall of the entrance: epiglottis
      2. Lateral part: pila aryepiglottica
      3. Caudal part: proc. corniculata of cart. arytenoidea
  2. Glottis:
    1. ​Vocal apparatus of the larynx
    2. Consists of:
      1. Vocal folds
      2. Cart. arytenodiea
      3. Rima glottis (glottic cleft)
  3. Cavum infraglotticum:
    1. ​Leads to lumen of trachea
    2. Within cart. cricoidea
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13
Q

Cavum laryngis

Structures to mention in cavum laryngis

A
  • Aditus laryngis (Entrance to the larynx, bounded epiglottis, plica aryepiglotticae, and tubercula corniculata)
  • Plica aryepiglottica (From epiglottis, to ….)
  • Vestibulum laryngis (Between aditus → plica vocalis)
  • Plica vestibularis (Ø su, Ru)
  • Rima vestibuli (Vestibular cleft, between right and left vestibular folds)
  • Ventriculus laryngis (Ø Ru) (Ca, eq: between plica vestibularis → plica vocalis)
  • Glottis (Vocal apparatus of the larynx. Consists of vocal folds, cart. arytenoidea and rima glottidis)
  • Plica vocalis
  • Rima glottidis (Cleft of glottis. Between plica vocalis → cart. arytenoidea)
  • Pars intermembranacea (Between plica vocalis)
  • Pars intercartilaginea (Between the mucosa-covered arytenoid cartilages)
  • Cavum infraglotticum (Caudal to glottis)
  • Lig. vestibulare (Ø Ru, fe) (Ca: cart. thyroidea → proc. corniculatus, eq: proc. cueniformis → cart. arytenoidea)
  • Lig. vocale (From cart thyroidea and lig. cricothyroideum → proc. vocalis)
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14
Q

Blood supply of the larynx

A
  • A. carotis communis
    • ​A. thyroidea cranialis​
      • ​A. laryngea cranialis
        • ​R. laryngeus caudalis
        • R. cricothyroideus
        • Ca: r. laryngeus (→ larynx through fissura thyroidea)
    • A. thyroidea caudalis
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15
Q

Innervation of the larynx

A
  • From n. vagus:
    • N. laryngeus cranialis (→ mucous membrane of larynx)
      • R. externa (→ m. cricothyroideus)
      • R. interna (→ mucosa)
    • N. laryngeus caudalis = n. laryngeus recurrens (→ muscles of larynx, ø m. cricothyroideus)
      • N. laryngeus recurrens → ansa subclavia → n. laryngeus recurrens → n. laryngeus caudalis

Ansa subclavia around a. subclavia sinistra

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16
Q

Interspecies differences in larynx

A

Epiglottis:

  • Cartilago epiglottica
    • Proc. cueniformis (eq) (On cart. arytenoidea in ca)

Cart. thyroidea:

  • Incisura thyroidea rostralis (ru)
  • Cornu rostrale (ø su)

Cart. arytenoidea:

  • Proc. cueniformis (ca) (On epiglottis in eq)
  • Cart. interarytenoidea (ca, sus)
  • Cart. sesamoidea (ca)

Musculi laryngis:

  • M. thyroarytenoideus
    • M. ventricularis (eq, ca)
    • M. vocalis (eq, ca)

Cavum laryngis:

  • Plica vestibularis (eq, ca)
  • Ventriculus laryngis (ø ru)
  • Lig. vestibulare (ø ru)

Anatomy 3 oral (122 decks)

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