A4 - Bones of the nasal cavity (forming its base, walls and dome) Flashcards
1
Q
Interspecies
A
- Inc. nasoincisiva (eq)
- 3 rows of ethmoturbinates (eq)
- 2 ectoturbinats (eq)
- Foramina palatina minor (ø eq)
- Fissura interincisiva (ru)
2
Q
Os nasale
(General knowledge)
A
- Paired
- Rostral to os frontale
- Forms dorsum nasi (roof oft he nasal cavity)
- Facies externa
-
Facies interna
- Crista ethmoidalis (saggital crest, attachment of endoturbinate I. for concha nasalis dorsalis)
-
Sutura plana (the medial borders of the two nasal bones articulates in sutura plana. Ca: gives rise to proc. septalis)
- Processus septalis (projects inwards. Formation of cartilago septi nasi)
-
Processus rostralis
- Incisura nasoincisiva (eq, ru) (between os nasale and os incisiva)
3
Q
Os lacrimale
(General knowledge)
A
- On the rostral wall of the orbit
- Inserted between:
- Os frontale
- Os zygomatica
- Os maxilla
- Os nasale
-
Facies orbitalis (facing the orbita)
- Fossa sacci lacrimalis (ø su) (leads into ductus lacrimalis)
- Foramen lacrimale (ø su) (opening of ductus nasolacrimalis)
- Foramina lacrimalia (su)
- Fossa m. obliqui ventralis (lodges the origin of m. oculi ventralis)
-
Bulla lacrimalis (ru) (large, thin-walled protuberance. Into ventral part of the orbita. Its interior is the part of sinus maxillaris)
- Sinus maxillaris (ru)
-
Facies facialis (rostral to the orbita)
- Processus lacrimalis rostralis (eq, su)
-
Facies nasalis (inner surface. Forms the boundary of sinus maxillaris)
- Sinus lacrimalis (ru) (Part of sinus lacrinalis in facies nasalis. Excavated the os lacrimale, ø bulla lacrimalis)
- Canalis nasolacrimalis
- Margo supraorbitalis (fuses facies orbitalis and facies facialis, mediorostrally)
-
Margo infraorbitalis (fuses facies orbitalis and facies facialis, mediorostrally)
- Processus lacrimalis caudalis (eq, ru)
- Sinus maxillaris caudalis (eq)
4
Q
Os zygomaticum
(General knowledge)
A
- The body of car:
- Small
- Articulates with maxilla
- Forms processus temporalis
- The body of ru:
- Forms the margo orbitalis of sinus maxillaris
- Forms processus temporalis
- Bo: forms processus frontalis - adjoining processus zygomaticus ossis frontalis
-
Arcus zygomaticus
- Processus temporalis ossis zygomatici
- Processus zygomaticus ossis temporalis
- Margo infraorbitalis (facies lateralis and facies orbitalis meet at margo infraorbitalis)
- Crista facialis (eq: prominent. Arises on the lateral surface, extends onto maxilla)
- Processus frontalis (bo, ca, su)
- Margo infraorbitalis
- Sinus maxillaris (bo, su)
- Sinus maxillaris caudalis (eq)
5
Q
Maxilla
(General knowledge)
A
- Largest bone of the face
- Forms the largest part of the lateral wall of the face
- Forms the bony basis of palatum durum
- Contributes in the formation of the wall of the nasal cavity and oral cavity
- Parts of maxilla:
- Corpus maxillae
- Processus alvolaris
- Processus zygomaticus
- Processus palatinus
- Processus frontalis (ca)
Corpus maxillae
- Corpus maxillae lies on the upper wall of the face
-
Facies facialis (outer surface)
- Crista facialis
-
Tuber faciale (Ru)
- Crista facialis begins at tuber faciale
-
Canalis infraorbitalis
- Opens at for. maxillare in fossa pterygopalatina
- Ends at for. infraorbitale)
-
Foramen infraorbitale
- Opening of canalis infraorbitalis
- Ca: above 3rd cheek teeth
- Ox: above 1st to 2nd cheek teeth
- Eq: above 3rd and 4th cheek teeth
- Has clinical significance: canalis infraorbitalis houses n. infraorbitalis, the foramen can be used during anasthetisia
-
Canalis alveolaris
- Near for. infraorbitale
- Canalis infraorbitalis gives rise to canalis alveolaris
- Runs to the alveoli of the incisors
- Runs to the alveolus of the canine
- Contains the nerves and vessels of dentes incisivi, canius, premolars
- Ru: no theeth in os incisivum - ø canalis alveolaris at this location
-
Canalis maxilloincisivus (ø bo)
- Carries nerves and blood vessels to the first three premolar, canine and incisors
- Leaves the medial wall of tcanalis infraorbitalis within for. infraorbitale
- Passes dorsal to the apex of canine alveolus
- Enters os incivia → contnues rostrally and medially
- Gives off braches to incisor alveoli
-
Facies nasalis (inner surface)
-
Crista conchalis
- Origin of the lower concha nasalis
-
Canalis nasolacrimalis
- Opens on facies nasalis through for. lacrimale
- Canal for ductus nasolacrimalis
-
Foramen lacrimale
- Eq: above lower crista conchalis
- Car, ru: below lower crista conchalis
-
Crista conchalis
- Foramina alveolaria
- Foramen maxillare
- Canalis lacrimalis
- Recessus maxillaris (ca)
- Sinus maxillaris (bo, su)
- Sinus maxillaris rostralis (eq)
- Sinus maxillaris caudalis (eq)
- Septum sinuum maxillarium (eq)
Processus frontalis (ca)
- Crista ethmoidalis
Processus zygomaticus
Processus palatinus
- Projects medially
- Horizontal plane
- Begins above processus alveolaris
- Caudally fuses with the horizontal plat of os palatinum
- Form palatum durum, which forms the roof of cavum oris and floor of cavum nasi
-
Sutura palatina mediana
- Unites with processus palatinus of the other side
-
Fissura palatina
- Part of os incivivum
- Paramedian fissure in the rostral part of the osseous plate
- Canalis incivius accomodate in it
-
Facies nasalis
- Crista nasalis (attachment of vomer)
-
Facies oralis
-
Sulcus palatinus (runs from the exit of canalis palatinum major to for. palatinum major)
- Sinus palatinus (bo)
-
Sulcus palatinus (runs from the exit of canalis palatinum major to for. palatinum major)
- Foramen palatinum majus
Processus alveolaris
- Ventral process
- Presents the alveoli for teeth
- Margo alveolaris (Border of processus alveolaris)
-
Alveoli dentales (For cheek teeth)
-
Septa interalveolaria (Interdental septum between 1st and 2nd premolars)
- Septa interradicularia (Divide the individual alveoli into separate cavities for the roots of the teeth)
- Juga alveolaris (caused by the roots of the teeth on the outer surface)
-
Septa interalveolaria (Interdental septum between 1st and 2nd premolars)
- Margo interalveolaris [diastema] (space without teeth on processus alveolaris of os incisiva. Ru: os incisiva have no teeth)
Tuber maxillae
- Caudal to processus alveolaris
- Demarcates fossa pterygopalatina
Fossa pterygopalatina
- Space between:
- Processus pterygoideus
- Os basisphenoidale
- Maxilla - tuber maxillae
- Ca: inculded in the orbit
- Other: lies above the orbit
- There are 3 formania:
- For. maxillare → canalis infraorbitalis
- For. sphenopalatinum → cavum nasi
- For. palatinum caudale → canalis palatinus majus
6
Q
Os incisiva
(General knowledge)
A
- Paired
- Forms the apex of the skull with maxilla and os nasale
- Parts of os incisiva:
- Corpus ossis incivi
- Processus alveolaris (ø ru)
- Processus naslais
- Processus palatinus
Corpus ossis incisivi
- Facies labialis
- Facies palatina
_Processus alveolaris (_ø ru)
- The corpus projects towards the lower jaw to form the process
- Alveoli dentales (for the3 incisors)
- Margo interalveolaris
- Sutura interincisiva (car, eq) (the two os incisiva comes together in the midline. Canalis interincisivus)
- Fissura interincisiva (ru) (Os incisiva remain separated by the fissure)
- Arcus alveolaris
- Septa interalveolaria
- Juga alveolaria
Processus naslais
- Projects towards the roof of cavum nasi
- Lies between os nasale and maxilla
- Provides the lateral wall of the nasal orifice
- Formation of the incisura nasoincisiva (ø ca)
Processus palatinus
- Lies rostrally on the bony palate in a space formed by the maxilla
- Joints to the processus palatinus of the maxilla
- Fissura palatina
-
Facies nasalis
- Has a sulcus for the vomer and cartilagenious nasal septum
7
Q
Os palatinum
(General knowledge)
A
- Lies between:
- Maxilla in front
- Os sphenoidale and os pterygoideus behind
- Parts of os palatina:
- Lamina perpendicularis ossis palatini
- Lamina horizontalis ossis palatini
Lamina perpendicularis ossis palatini
- Forms the lateral wall and roof of meatus nasopharyngeus
- Forms the bony margin of choanae
- Runs into the orbit as processus orbitalis
-
Lamina sphenoethmoidalis (ø ru)
- Articulate with the wing of the vomer
- Articulates with lamina basalis of os ethmoidale
- Separates meatus nasopharyngeus from ethmoid labyrinths
- Processus sphenoidalis
-
Facies maxillaris
- Involed in the formation of fossa pterygopalatina
-
Sinus palatinus (eq)
- Communicates with sinus sphenopalatinus
- Foramen sphenopalatinum
- Canalis palatinus major
- Crista ethmoidalis (ca)
- Sinus sphenoidalis (eq, su)
Lamina horizontalis ossis palatini
- Forms the caudal limit of the bony plate
- Fused rostrally with processus palatinus of maxilla
- Forms palatum durum
-
Margo liber
- Caudal border
- Directed to meatus nasopharyngeus
- Origin of palatum molle
- Spina nasalis caudalis (ca, su)
- Crista nasalis (attachment of vomer. Continues onto the processus palatinus of maxilla)
-
Sinus palatinus (ru)
- Together with processus palatinus of maxilla forms the sinus palatinus
-
Foramen palatinum majus
- Rostral opening of canalis palatinus majus
- Bo: entirely formed by os palatinum
-
Canalis palatinum major (ca, eq)
- Starts at for. palatinum caudale in fossa pterygopalatnia
- Runs between lamina horizontalis of os palatinia and maxilla
- Exit at the for. palatinum majus
- Bo: only formed by os palatinum
-
Foramina palatina minora (ø eq)
- Rostral opening of canales palatini minores
-
Canales palatini minores (ø eq)
- Its opening are the forr. palatina minora
8
Q
Vomer
(General knowledge)
A
- Unpaired
- Extends into cavum nasi
-
Basal plate
- Attached to crista nasalis mediana
-
Lateral plates
- Forms sulcus septalis - accomodates septum nasi
- Forms alae vomeris (encloses the rostrum of os basisphenoidale)
- Sulcus vomeris (contains cart. septi nasi)
- Crista vomeris (ventral crest on caudal part of vomer)
- Alae vomeris (wing-like lateral process on the caudal end of the vomer)
9
Q
Give the bones of the nasal cavity
(litt feil?)
A
Lateral walls:
-
Maxilla
- Facies nasalis (inner surface)
- Crista conchalis → concha nasalis ventralis
-
Os lacrimale
- Facies nasalis
- Os zygomaticum
-
Os incisiva
- Processus nasalis
Roof:
-
Os frontale
- Pars nasalis (insignificant in domestic mammals)
- Os nasale
Floor:
-
Maxilla
- Facies nasalis (inner surface)
- Crista conchalis → concha nasalis ventralis
-
Os palatinum
- Vomer attaches on its crista nasalis
- Os incisiva
Caudal part: Os ethmoidale
Attached to dorsal surface: Vomer
Divides the nasal cavity in two: Septum nasi
Apertura nasi ossea (entrance:
- Os nasale
- Os incisiva
- Maxilla
10
Q
What formes apertura nasi (entrance)?
A
- Os nasale
- Os incisivus
- Maxilla
11
Q
Septum nasi
A
- Forms the medial walls
- Divides cavum nasi into right and left halves
-
Septum nasi osseum formed by:
- Lamina perpendicularis ossis ethmoidalis
-
Septum nasi cartilagineus:
- Unites dorally with os nasale
- Ventrally supported by sulcus septalis of vomer
12
Q
Fundus nasi
A
- Caudal blind doral part
- Occupied by ethmoturbinates
13
Q
Meatus nasopharyngeus
A
- Caudally and ventrally continues into meatus nasopharyngeus
- Leads into nasopharynx
14
Q
What forms the roof of the nasal cavity?
A
- Os nasale
- Pars nasalis of os frontale
15
Q
What forms the lateral wall of the nasal cavity?
A
- Maxilla
- Os lacrimale
- Os zygomatica
- Os incisiva
