C20 - Peritonenum, serous duplicatures in the abdominal cavity

Question 1

Peritoneum

Structures to mention

Answer 1

• Peritoneum parietale (On the walls of the above cavities)
• Peritoneum viscerale (Covering the organs)
• Cavum peritonei (The potential space containing peritoneal fluid between the parietal and visceral peritoneum)
• Foramen omentale [epiploicum] (Opening from the greater peritoneal sac to the vestibulum bursae omentalis)
• Bursa omentalis (Lesser peritoneal sac, potential space enclosed by the two omenta, the stomach and the liver)
  
  • Vestibulum bursae omentalis (Enclosed by omentum minus, stomach and liver)
  • Recessus dorsalis omentalis (Minor diverticulum of the vestibule between right crus of the diaphragm and liver, and between esophagus and vena cava caudalis)
  • Aditus ad recessum caudalem (Bounded by plica gastropancreatica, plica hepatopancreatica, curvatura ventriculi minor and duodenum)
  • Recessus caudalis omentalis (Enclosed by the omentum majus)
  • Recessus lienalis (The left extremety of the bursa omentalis. Enclosed by the ligg. Gastrophrenicum, gastrolienale and phrenicolienale)
• Recessus supraomentalis (Ru) (Peritoneal cavity dorsal to the omentum majus)
• Omentum majus [Epiploön] (Peritoneal sac between intestines and ventral abdominal wall. Encloses the recessus caudalis omentalis​)
  
  • Paries superficialis (Part of the omentum majus from curvatura ventriculi major to the caudal reflection)
  • Paries profundus (Deep wall. From its dorsal attachment to the caudal reflection)
  • Lig. gastrophrenicum (Extends from diaphragm → fundus of the stomach)
  • Lig. gastrolienale (Between stomach → spleen)
  • Lig. lienorenale (eq) (Between diaphragm → spleen)
  • Velum omentale (ca) (Connects paries profundus of omentum majus with the left surface of mesocolon descendens)
• Mesoduodenum
• Mesenterium (Attached to jejenum and ileum)
  
  • Radix mesenterii (Dorsal attachment. Containing a. mesenterica cranialis)
  • Mesojejunum
  • Mesoileum
• Mesocolon
  
  • Mesocolon ascendens
  • Mesocolon transversum
  • Mesocolon descendens
  • Mesocolon sigmoideum (bo)
• Mesorectum
• Omentum minus (Connects curvatura ventriculi minor and pars cranialis duodeni to fascies visceralis of liver)
  
  • Lig. hepatogastricum (From liver → stomach)
  • Lig. hepatoduodenale (From liver → pars cranialis duodeni. Contains v. Portae, a. Hepatica, and ductus choledochus. Forms ventral boundary of for. omentale)
• Lig. falciforme hepatis
• Lig. coronarium hepatis (Attaches to diaphragm. Surrounding area nuda and sulcus venae cavae, and connecting ligg. Triangularia and falciforme)
  
  • Lig. triangulare dextrum (Right lobe of liver → diaphragm)
  • Lig. triangulare sinistrum (Left lobe of liver → diaphragm)
• Lig. hepatorenale (Between processus caudatus → right kidney)
• Plica duodenocolica (Fold of peritoneum between duodenum ascendens → colon descendens)
• Plica ileocaecalis (Between antimesiteric surface of the ileum and cecum)
• Plica caecocolica (eq) (Between tenia libera lateralis of the right ventral colon → tenia lateralis ceci)
• Excavatio rectogenitalis (Recess of peritoneal cavity between rectum and plica genitalis (male), uterus and ligg. lata (female))
  
  • Fossa pararectalis (Lateral to rectum and mesorectum)
• Excavatio vesicogenitalis (Between bladder and plica genitalis (male), uterus and ligg. lata (female))
• Excavatio pubovesicalis (Peritoneal recess. Ventral to bladder and ligg. vesicae lateralia)
• Spatium retroperitoneale (Between peritoneum → body wall)

Question 2

Name the serous cavities present in the trunk

General knowledge

Answer 2

There are 3 serosal cavities

• Cavum pleurae
  
  • ​Left and right
  • Formed by pleura
• Cavum pericardii
  
  • ​Formed by pericardium serosum
• Cavum peritonei
  
  • ​Fromed by peritoneum

Question 3

Peritoneum

Divisions

Answer 3

• Peritoneum parietale
  
  • ​Covers the inner surface of the walls of the abdominal, pelvic and scrotal cavities
• Peritoneum viscerale
  
  • ​Covers the organs of the abdominal, pelvic and scrotal cavities
• Connecting peritoneum
  
  • ​Consists of double sheets of peritoneum extending between organs or connecting them to peritoneum parietale
  • These peritoneal folds are called:
    
    • Mesenteries (From abdominal wall → jejunum and ileum)
    • Omenta
    • Ligaments (From a wall → organ, or from organ → organ
• Cavum peritonei communicates with the pleural cavity through the three openings in the diaphragm:
  
  • Hiatus aorticus (for aorta and v. azygous)
  • Hiatus esophageus (for esophagus and tr. vagus)
  • For. venae cavae (for v. cava caudalis)

Question 4

Peritoneum

Define retroperitoneum

Answer 4

Organs that lie agianst the walls of the abdominal or pelvic cavities and that are covered only on one surface by peritoneum are said to be retroperitoneal

Question 5

Peritoneum

Define intraperitoneal

Answer 5

• Intraperitoneal structures includes:
  
  • GI-tract (ø caudal part of rectum and anus)
  • Liver
  • Pancreas
  • Spleen
  • Urogenital tract (ø kidney and parts of the uterus)

Question 6

Peritoneum

Openings in peritoneum

Answer 6

• Cavum peritonei communicates with the pleural cavity through the three openings in the diaphragm:
  
  • Hiatus aorticus (for aorta and v. azygous)
  • Hiatus esophageus (for esophagus and tr. vagus)
  • For. venae cavae (for v. cava caudalis)
• Male: completely closed
• Female: opening at the abdominal end of each tuba uterina → communication with the external genitalia

Question 7

Peritoneum

1. Define the pelvic peritoneal pouches
2. Draw them

Answer 7

• Processus vaginalis peritonei
  
  • ​Male: Canalis inguinalis permits a peritoneal invagination (tunica vaginalis) to reach the scrotum
    
    • ​Ca: also in female
• Excavatio rectogenitalis
  
  • ​Most dorsal
  • Male: Rectum → plica genitalis
  • Female: Uterus → ligg. lata
  • Fossa pararectalis is an extension
    
    • Lateral to rectum and mesorectum
• Excavatio vesicogenitalis
  
  • ​Male: Bladder → plica genitalis
  • Female: Uterus → ligg. lata
• Excavatio pubovesicalis
  
  • ​Floor of pelvis → bladder and its ligaments

Question 8

Abdominal cavity

Define the abdominal cavity

Answer 8

• Extends from arcus costalis and last rib → linea terminalis which surrounds the entrance of the pelvic cavity
• Caudal to diaphragm
• Wall of the cavity is formed by:
  
  • Cranial:
    
    • Diaphragm
  • Dorsal:
    
    • Consists of:
      
      • Skin
      • Superficial and deep thoracolumbar fasciae
      • Epaxial muscles (m. iliocostalis, m. longissimus, m.. multifidus)
      • Hypaxial muscles
      • Lumbar vertebrae (m. quadratus lumborum, m. iliopsoas, m. psoas minor)
      • Iliac fascia
    • Roof of abdominal cavity
  • Lateral and ventral:
    
    • Skin
    • Superficial fasciae (enclose m. cutaneous trunci)
    • Deep fasciae (herbivores = tunica flava)
    • Abdominal muscles
    • Internal fasciae = fascia transversus
  • Caudal:
    
    • Continous with the pelvic cavity

Question 9

Abdominal cavity

List the serous duplicates in the abdominal cavity

Answer 9

• Liver:
  
  • Lig. falciforme hepatis
    
    • ​By omentum minus: peritoneal fold that passes from the umbilicus → diaphragm, also attached to the liver between lobus hepatis sinister medialis and lobus quadratus
  • Lig. teres hepatis
    
    • ​Remnant of v. umbilicalis
    • Liver → umbilicus
  • Lig. triangulare dextra/sinistra
    
    • ​Right and left lobes of liver → diaphragm
  • Lig. coronarium
    
    • ​Liver → diaphragm
    • Surrounds area nuda and sulcus vena cava on the liver
  • Lig. hepatogastricum
    
    • ​Liver → stomach
    • The greater part of omentum minus
  • Lig. hepatoduodenale
    
    • ​Liver → pars cranialis duodeni
    • Contains:
      
      • V. portae
      • A. hepatica
      • Ductus choleoductus
    • ​Free right border of omentum munus
  • Lig. hepatorenale
    
    • ​Processus caudatus of liver → right kidney
• Spleen:
  
  • Lig. gastrolienale
    
    • ​Part of omentum majus
    • Stomach → spleen
  • Lig. phrenicolienalis
    
    • ​Diaphragm → splee
  • Lig. lienorenalis (Eq?)
    
    • ​Part of omentum majus
    • Hilus renalis → left kidney
• Intestines:
  
  • Plica duodenocolica
    
    • ​Between antimesenteric surface of ileum and cecum
    • Eq: attached to tenia dorsalis ceci
  • Mesoduodenum​
  • Mesentrium (attached to jejunum and ileum)
    
    • Mesojejunum
    • Mesoileum
  • Mesocolon
  • Omentum majus
    
    • ​Peritoneal sac between intestines and ventral abdominal wall
    • Encloses the recessus caudalis omentalis
  • Omentum minus
    
    • ​Connects curvatura ventriculi minor and pars cranialis duodeni → fascies visceralis of liver