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Anatomy 3 oral > A24 - The horse’s artt. interphalangeae proximalis et distalis of the hindlimb and their muscles > Flashcards

A24 - The horse’s artt. interphalangeae proximalis et distalis of the hindlimb and their muscles Flashcards

1
Q

What is another name for:

  1. Art. interphalangeae proximale
  2. Art. interphalangeae distale
A
  1. Art. interphalangeae proximale = pastern joint
  2. Art. interphalangeae distale = coffin joint
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2
Q

Pastern joint

  1. General features
  2. Structures/ligaments
  3. Draw the joint
A
  • Diarthrosis
  • Saddle joint (diaxial)
    • ​Movement: ligaments restrict the movements to mainly flexion/extension (hinge joint)
  • Art. interphalangeae proximale maus
  • Between: Ph1 (covex surface) → Ph2 (concave surface)
  • Joint capsule has a dorsal and a plantar pouch

Structures

  • Capsulae articulares
    • ​Recessus dorsales (injection site)
    • Recessus palmares
  • Ligg. collateralia
  • Ligg. palmaria axialia (P1 → P2)
  • Ligg. palmaria abaxialia
  • Scutum medium (formed by straight sesamoideum ligament, axil ligaments, and palmar surface of tuberosita flexoria → passage form DDF)
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3
Q

Coffin joint (art. interphalangea distalis)

  1. General features
  2. Structures/ligaments
  3. Draw the joint
A
  • Saddle joint (diaxial)
    • ​Movement: flexion - extension (sideways movement are possible)
  • Art. composita
  • Articulation between:
    • Ph2
    • Ph3
    • Distal sesamoid bone/navicular bone
  • Retinaculum flexorium

Structures:

  • Capsulae articularis
    • ​Recessus dorsalis (injection site, under the common digital extensor)
    • Recessus palmaris (under DDF, up to Ph2)
  • ​Scutum distale (formed by the flexor surface of the navicular bone, passage for DDF)
  • Bursa podotrochleare (between os naviculare → DDF tendon)
  • Lig. collaterale laterale (depression on Ph2 → Ph3)
  • Lig. collaterale mediale (depression on Ph2 → Ph3​)
  • Ligaments of the navicular bone:
    • Lig. sesamoideum impar (from distal rim of os naviculare → coffin bone, palamer border of articular surface)
    • Ligg. collateralia sesamoidea (from P1 → coffin bone, hoof cartilage and os naviculare)
  • Ligaments of the hoof cartilage:
    • Lig. chondrocompedalia (pass between distal end of P1 and proximo-palmar aspect of coffin bone and hoof cartilage)
    • Ligg. chondrocoronaria (connects dorsal extrimity of the cartilage, P2 and ligg. collateralia of the coffin joint)
    • Ligg. chondroungularia (from P3 → hoof cartilage, distal border)
    • Ligg. chondrosesamoidea (between hoof cartilage → corresponding site of os naviculare)
    • Ligg. chondroungularis cruciata (between axial aspect of cartilages → palmar end of opsite angle of P2)
    • Lig. chondropulvinale (fibers that radiate from axial aspect of the hoof cartilages to digital cushion)
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4
Q

Draw the pastern and coffin joint

A
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5
Q

Retinaculum flexorium

A
  • Binds the deep digital flexor tendon
  • Enforces the carpus on the palmar aspect, forming a continous structure named the digital sheat:
    • ​Fuses with:
      • Proximal sesamoid bone
      • Plantar ligaments
      • Collateral sesamoid ligmanents
      • Flexor tendons
      • Extensor tendons (dorsally)
      • Ligaments (dorsally)
      • Joint capsules (dorsally)
  • On the plantar side, the sheath comprise:
    • Lig. anulare plantare (surrounding flexor tendons)
    • Fetlock plate (cartilage plate attached to Ph1, unites flexor tendons to Ph1
    • Ligg. anularia digiti
  • Retinaculum extensorium: corresponding structure on the dorsal side
  • Bursa podotrochlearis (on the plantar side of Ph3)
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6
Q

Give the muscles of the digits on the hindlimb

A

Extensors:

  1. M. extensor digitorum longus​
  2. M. extensor digitorum lateralis
  3. M. extensor digiti I. [hallucis] longus (ca)
  4. M. extensor digitalis brevis

Flexors:

  1. M. flexor digitalis superficialis
  2. M. flexor digitalis profundus
    • ​M. flexor digitorum lateralis
    • M. flexor tibialis caudalis
    • M. flexor digitorum medialis
    • M. tibialis caudalis (in eq: a part of m. flexor digitorum profundus)
    • Lig. accessorium (eq)
  3. M. flexor digitalis brevis (ca)
  4. Mm. interflexorii (ca)
  5. Mm. lumbricales (ca)
  6. Mm. interossei
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7
Q

M. extensor digitalis longus

A
  • Origin:
    • Ca: Fossa extensoria of femur
    • Eq: Condylus lateralis of femur
  • Insertion: Processus extensorius of Ph 3:
    • Ca, sus: Digits 2 to 5
    • Eq: Digit 3
    • Ru: Digit 3 and 4
  • Action:
    • Extends stifle
    • Flexes tarsus
    • Extends digits
  • Innervation:
    • Ca:
      • N. peroneus communis
        • R. profundus
        • R. superficialis
    • Eq: n. peroneus
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8
Q

M. extensor digitorum lateralis

A
  • Origin:
    • Ca: Fibula, proximal third
    • Eq:
      • Lig. collaterale laterale of stifle
      • Tibia
      • Fibula
  • Insertion:
    • Ca: Unites with long digital extensor’s tendon to reach digit 5, Ph3
    • Eq: Blends with the terminal tendon of the long extensor
  • Action:
    • Ca: Extend and abduct digit 5 (and flexes tarsus)
    • Eq: Extends digits and flexes hock
  • Innervation:
    • Ca:
      • N. peroneus communis
        • R. profundus
        • R. superficialis
    • Eq: N. peroneus

(Eq :insertion er det eneste som er henta fra powerpoint)

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9
Q

M. extensor digiti I. [hallucis] longus

A

Ca

  • Origin: Fibula, middle third
  • Insertion: Radiates into fascia over metatarsophalangeal joint of digit II.
  • Action:
    • Extends digit 2 (and digit 1 if present)
    • Flexes tarsus
  • Innervation:​
    • N. peroneus communis
      • R. profundus
      • R. superficialis
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10
Q

M. extensor digitalis brevis

A
  • Origin: Tarsus, cranial surface
  • Insertion:
    • Ca: Ph1 of digit 2-5
    • Eq: Joins long extensor tendon
  • Action:
    • Ca: Auxillary extensor of the digits 2-4
    • Eq:
      • Extends digits
    • Flexes hock
  • Innervation:
    • Ca:
      • N. peroneus communis
        • R. profundus
        • R. superficialis
    • Eq: N. peroneus
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11
Q

M. flexor digitalis superficialis

A
  • Origin: Fossa supracondylaris of the femur (partly fused with m. gastrocenemius caput lateralis)
  • Insertion: On the surface of tuber calcanei it makes the ​galea calcanea, ​then attaches to Ph2 of digits on plantar surface:
    • Ca: Digits 2-5
    • Eq: Digit 3 (​tuberositas flexoria​)
    • Ru, Sus: Digits 3-4
  • Action:
    • Flexes stifle
    • Extends hock
    • Flexes joints of corresponding digits
    • Eq: Part of the passive stay and fixation apparatus (femoropatellar loop)
  • ​Innervation:
    • N. tibialis
      • R. cutaneous surae caudalis
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12
Q

M. flexor digitorum profundus

A
  • Consists of thee induvidual muscles:
    • M. flexor digitorum lateralis
    • M. flexor tibialis caudalis
    • M. flexor digitalis medialis
    • M. tibialis caudalis (in eq: a part of m. flexor digitorum profundus)
    • Lig. accessorium (eq)
  • Origin:
    • M. flexor digitorum lateralis:
      • ​Fibula, proximal caudal half
      • Tibia, proximal caudolateral border
      • Interosseous membrane
    • M. flexor digitorum medialis: Tibia, caudo-proximally
    • Eq: Only tibia
  • Unites below tarsus
  • Insertion:
    • Ca: Ph3 of digits 2-5, tuberculum flexorium (plantar)
    • Eq: fascies flexoria, undivided, digit 3
    • Ru, sus: Digits 3-4
  • Action:
    • Extends tarsus
    • Flexes joints of corresponding digits of insertion
  • Innervation:
    • ​N. tibialis
      • R. cutaneous surae caudalis
  • Blood supply: A. caudalis femoris distalis
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13
Q

M. flexor digitalis brevis

A

Ca

  • Origin: The dorsal surface of the superficial digital flexor tendons
  • Insertion: With the tendons of the deep digital flexor
  • Action: Flexing the digits
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14
Q

Mm. Interflexorii

A

Car

  • Origin: The tendon of the deep digital flexor with the suspensory ligament of the pad
  • Insertion: The tendons of the superficial digital flexor, more distally
  • Action: Auxilary flexors of the digital joint
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15
Q

Mm. lumbricales

A

Ca

  • Origin: The abaxial borders of the tendons of the deep digital flexor
  • Insertion: The proximal ends of the 1st phalanges of digits 3-5
  • Action: To flex the first digital joint
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16
Q

Mm. interossei

A
  • Origin: Proximal part of the metatarsals
  • Insertion: On the sesamoid bones of the first digital joint
  • Action:
    • Ca, su: To flex the metacarpalphalangeal joint of the supporting digits
    • Eq: Counteracts overextension of fetlock joint
  • Innervation: N. tibialis

Anatomy 3 oral (122 decks)

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