U5 L1 Absolutism In England: 16-17th Centuries (PART 1) Flashcards
How did Absolutism grow out in England?
War of the Roses
How did Absolutism grow out in France?
Catholic and Huguenot conflict over the control of the French throne
How did Absolutism end in England?
with English civil war and the victory of Parliament
In which country did absolutism last longer, France or England?
France
What did Mercantilism grow out of?
- exploration and settlement of colonies
- European countries adopted it to protect trading interests
How were the years from 1500 to 1750 characterized?
years of adventure, knowledge and wealth
After the Renaissance, which two theories predominated in govt?
-one political and one economic
Absolutism and Mercantilism
What is Absolutism?
- King chosen by God
- Absolute in their powers and responsible only to God
What is Mercantilism?
- economic extension of absolute govt
- developed to increase power/wealth by govt regulation of economy
Who were the two most successful Tudors?
Henry VII and Elizabeth I
What were the three reasons Philip II of Spain sent the ‘Invincible Armada’?
- resented Eng aid and interference in Netherlands
- return Eng to Catholic Church
- (most important) stop Eng interference with its New World Trade
Who were John Hawkins and Sire Francis Drake?
English pirates/adventurers
What was Elizabeth I’s view on the English pirates?
- claimed she could not control it
- but secretly supported it
Who led the English fleet against the Spanish Armada?
Admiral Lord Charles Howard
What did the defeat of the Armada allow England to do?
establish colonies
How long did Elizabeth I rule England?
45 years
Who was Elizabeth I’s leading minister?
William Cecil, Lord Burghley
What did James I’s accession to the Eng throne unite?
crowns of Scot and Eng
What was the Act of Union in 1707?
constitution union of Scot and Eng
Why did James I dissolve the Parliament?
because they refused to provide his requested money
How did James I raise money after dissolving the Parliament?
- borrowing/selling crown lands
- granting monopolies
- increasing number of impositions
- selling titles
In 1621, Parliament launched an general attack on what?
James I’s economic policy and monopolies
What were the two factors by which James problems with the Parliament were complicated?
- govt costs and Parl member income increasing, but Parl insisted on right to control levies
- gentry and merchants/manufacturers grew in economic importance
