Topic 4: 2 Cell Types Based on Chromosome Content Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two cell types based on chromosome content?

A

Gametes and somatic cells

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2
Q

What type of cells do gametes include?

A

ova (eggs) and sperm

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3
Q

How many different chromosomes do gametes have? (2)

A
  • 23 different xmes
  • haploid (n)
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4
Q

What type of cells do somatic cells include?

A
  • includes all cells of body except cells undergoing/resulting from meiosis
  • muscle cell, nerve cell, etc.
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5
Q

How many chromosomes do somatic cells have? Thus, how many pairs? (3)

A
  • 46 xmes
  • dipoid (2n)
  • 23 homologous pairs
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6
Q

Since somatic cells contain 23 homologous pairs, how do they get these chromosomes?

A
  • 23 xmes from mom (ovum) PAIRED with 23 xmes (sperm) from dad
  • thus diploid or 2n
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7
Q

What are homologous chromosomes?

A
  • a chromosome pair (1 from each parent) that are identical in length, centromere (center) position, and have genes for the same trait (eg. eye colour) in the same location (locus)
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8
Q

What is a gene? (2)

A
  • unit of heredity
  • a region of DNA which contains information for synthesis of proteins
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9
Q

Even though somatic cells have 23 homologous pairs, what is different about them?

A
  • They may have different versions (alleles) of that gene that codes for different versions of that trait
  • ex. blue eyes xm from dad and brown eyes xm from mom
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10
Q

Chromosomes and chromosome pairs are ordered 1-23. What are those called that are numbered 1-22?

A
  • autosomal chromosomes
  • autosomes
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11
Q

What are autosomes?

A
  • contain genes for somatic characteristics
  • ex. hair and eye colour, height
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12
Q

What is the 23rd chromosome or pair called?

A

sex chromosome

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13
Q

What are sex chromosomes?

A
  • contain genes that determine sex
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14
Q

Give the chromosomal pair for the following:
- female
-male

A

XX is female
XY is male

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15
Q

Which type of sex chromosome do males and females give to their offspring?

A
  • males give X or Y
  • females give X
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16
Q

Which is longer: an X xme or Y xme?

A

X