Topic 2: DNA and RNA + ATP Flashcards

1
Q

What does DNA consist of? (3)

A
  • PO4 - deoxyribose - ATC or G
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2
Q

What is the structure of DNA?

A
  • bases bind to form double-stranded helix (twisted ladder)
  • A to T
  • G to C
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3
Q

How is the shape of DNA formed?

A
  • alternating sugar and phosphate form “uprights”
  • bases “rungs”
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4
Q

what is the function of DNA? (3)

A
  • cellular reproduction (duplicates itself)
  • used as a template to make RNA (for transcription)
  • in table 2.9, encodes information for making proteins
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5
Q

How is DNA copied?

A

DNA is self-replicating

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6
Q

What are the two types of DNA?

A

nuclear and mitochondrial

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7
Q

How many HYDROGEN bonds does adenine and thymine/uracil have, as well as guanine and cytosine?

A

AT/AU = 2
GC = 3

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8
Q

What is the structure of RNA? (3)

A
  • PO4 - ribose - AUC or G
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9
Q

What is the shape of RNA? (2)

A

single stranded
- A to U, G to C

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10
Q

What is the function of RNA? (2)

A

protein synthesis (translation)
- carries the genetic code and assists in making proteins

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11
Q

What is the general pathway to protein synthesis? (3)

A

DNA -> RNA -> protein

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12
Q

How is RNA made?

A
  • made by using DNA as a blueprint
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13
Q

What are the 3 types of RNA?

A

mRNA, tRNA, rRNA

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14
Q

How is ATP used as an energy source?

A
  • energy stored in covalent bonds powers cellular activities
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15
Q

What is the structure of ATP? (2)

A

3 PO4 + ribose + adenine
- modified RNA nucleotide

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16
Q

What process allows ATP to give energy to the cell?

A
  • breaking bonds creates IMMEDIATE usable energy (hydrolyze)