Topic 2: DNA and RNA + ATP Flashcards
What does DNA consist of? (3)
- PO4 - deoxyribose - ATC or G
What is the structure of DNA?
- bases bind to form double-stranded helix (twisted ladder)
- A to T
- G to C
How is the shape of DNA formed?
- alternating sugar and phosphate form “uprights”
- bases “rungs”
what is the function of DNA? (3)
- cellular reproduction (duplicates itself)
- used as a template to make RNA (for transcription)
- in table 2.9, encodes information for making proteins
How is DNA copied?
DNA is self-replicating
What are the two types of DNA?
nuclear and mitochondrial
How many HYDROGEN bonds does adenine and thymine/uracil have, as well as guanine and cytosine?
AT/AU = 2
GC = 3
What is the structure of RNA? (3)
- PO4 - ribose - AUC or G
What is the shape of RNA? (2)
single stranded
- A to U, G to C
What is the function of RNA? (2)
protein synthesis (translation)
- carries the genetic code and assists in making proteins
What is the general pathway to protein synthesis? (3)
DNA -> RNA -> protein
How is RNA made?
- made by using DNA as a blueprint
What are the 3 types of RNA?
mRNA, tRNA, rRNA
How is ATP used as an energy source?
- energy stored in covalent bonds powers cellular activities
What is the structure of ATP? (2)
3 PO4 + ribose + adenine
- modified RNA nucleotide