Topic 14: Respiratory System - Clinical Applications + Ventilation Flashcards

1
Q

What is pulmonary edema? (2)

A
  • accumulation of fluids in the lungs
  • between cells and within alveoli
    note that it is hard to breathe
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is tuberculosis? (3)

A
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis
  • thickens respiratory membrane:
  • lung tissue is replaced by fibrous CT (scars)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does TB result in?

A
  • decreased lung elasticity and gas exchange area
    note high infection levels
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a pulmonary embolism? (2)

A
  • blockage of pulmonary vasculature
  • due to blood clot, arteriosclerosis, air bubbles in vessels
    fun fact, air bubbles mean u need to be careful during injections
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is pneumothorax? (2)

A
  • entry of air into pleural cavity
  • causes lung to collapse
    note that the cavity equalizes pressure in chest cavity and in greys, that is why they stab a pen to relieve pressure and allow air to escape
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What occurs in emphysema?

A
  • alveolar walls break
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does emphysema cause? (3)

A
  1. fewer, large alveoli
  2. surface area for gas exchange (reduced)
    3) decreased elasticity (hard to breathe) + recoil (less air out on exhalation)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

In ventilation, all muscles are what type?

A

skeletal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is inspiration?

A
  • intake of air
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What occurs in inspiration?

A
  • diaphragm and external intercostals contract
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is expiration?

A
  • air moves to atmosphere from lungs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What occurs to muscles in expiration? (2)

A
  • diaphragm and external intercostals relax
  • exhale = passive
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly