Topic 10: Skeletal System - Axial Skeleton (Vertebrae Contd) Flashcards
C1 and C2 are ____, while C3-C7 are ____
- atypical
- typical
C1 is known as the ___
atlas
Why is C1 (atlas) atypical? (2)
- no body
- no spinous process
What does the atlas articulate with, and what does it allow for?
- occipital condyle of the skull
- allows nodding yes motion
C2 is know as the ____
- axis
Why is C2 (axis) atypical? (3)
- it has a dens (odontoid process)
- which is a pivot joint around which atlas swivels
- which allows for shaking no motion
What do all cervical C1-C7 vertebrae have?
- transverse foramina
All thoracic vertebrae articulate with ___ via ____ facets
- ribs
-costal
What is the function of the lumbar vertebrae?
- supports body weight
What is the structure of lumbar vertebrae?
- all have large bodies and rectangular spinous processes (to hold body weight)
What is the sacrum?
- 5 FUSED vertebrae (for more support)
What does the sacrum articulate with?
- articulates with ilium (appendicular skeleton) and 5th lumbar vertebra (L5)
What is the coccyx? (2)
- 3-5 FUSED vertebrae, usually 4
- tailbone
What is the curvature of the cervical and lumbar vertebrae?
- curved convex anteriorly
- curved concave posteriorly
What is the curvature of the thoracic and sacrum vertebrae?
- concave anteriorly
- convex posteriorly
What is scoliosis?
- spinal column curves laterally
What is kyphosis?
- exaggerated thoracic curve (hunchback)
What is lordosis?
- exaggerated lumbar curve (swayback)
What is the thoracic cage?
- sternum (breast bone)
What are the three parts of the sternum?
1) manubrium (superior)
2) Body (middle)
3) xiphoid process - inferior
In lecture, what is the plexus?
basically it is a bundle of nerves in which excess pressure in CPR will result in a broken xiphoid process
How many pairs of ribs are there? How many are true and false?
- 12 pairs
- 7 true
- 5 false
What are true ribs?
- attach directly to sternum via costal cartilage (hyaline cartilage)
What are false ribs?
- either attach indirectly to sternum via costal cartilage (8-10) or not at all (floating ribs, 11,12 embedded in muscle)
- in lecture, they do not have a direct cartilaginous attachment to sternum
