Topic 18: Endocrine System - Thyroid and Parathyroid Gland Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the thyroid gland? (2)

A
  • on anterior surface of the superior part of the trachea
  • butterfly shaped
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2
Q

What is does the thyroid gland contain? (2)

A
  • follicles
  • Parafollicular cells
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3
Q

What are the follicles in the thyroid gland made of?

A
  • walls are made of epithelial cells (follicle cells)
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4
Q

What do the follicles in the thyroid gland produce?

A
  • T4
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5
Q

Where are the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland?

A
  • between follicles
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6
Q

What do the parafollicular cells secrete?

A
  • calcitonin
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7
Q

What is the function of calcitonin? (2)

A
  • increase calcium uptake into bone (bone formation)
  • thus lowering calcium in blood
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8
Q

What are parathyroid glands?

A
  • 4 (usually) glands embedded in posterior thyroid
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9
Q

What do parathyroid glands secrete? What does it do?

A
  • parathyroid hormone (PTH)
  • increases blood calcium levels
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10
Q

How does PTH increase calcium levels in blood? (5)

A
  1. increases Calcium release from bone (bone resorption)
    - activates osteoclasts
  2. Decrease calcium loss in urine (kidney)
  3. increase Vitamin D activation (kidney)
    - vitamin D increases calcium absorption at small intestine
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