Topic 11: Muscular System - How Muscles Produce Movement Flashcards
What are 3 ways that muscles produce movement?
- Pulling on a bone when they contract
- Using group action
- Lever systems
When pulling on a bone to contract, what are 2 ways?
- origin
- insertion
What is origin of the bone?
- attachment of tendon to stationary bone
What is insertion of bone?
- attachment of tendon to moveable bone
What are three ways of muscles using group action?
- Agonist
- Synergists
- Antagonist
What is agonist movement?
- major muscle producing movement
What is synergist movement?
help the agonist action and prevent undesirable motions caused by agonists
What is antagonist movement?
- produces opposite action of agonist
- contraction inhibited when agonist contracts
What are lever systems?
- bone/muscle interaction at a joint
What are the four parts of a lever system?
- levers
- fulcrum
- effort
- resistance
What are levers?
bone
What is the fulcrum?
joint
What is effort?
- contraction of agonist
What is resistance?
opposes movement
How do we produce movement in lever systems?
- effort must be greater than resistance
When we are flexing the forearm, what is the:
- agonist
- antagonist
- synergists
- effort
- resistance
- agonist is biceps brachii
- antagonists are triceps trachii
- synergists are the brachialis, brachioraialis
- effort is muscle contraction
- resistance is weight of object plus forearm
When we are extending the forearm, what is the agonist and antagonist?
- agonist is triceps brachii
- antagonist is biceps brachii
What is extension vs flexion?
- increasing and decreasing angles between bones
What is abduction vs adduction?
moving away and towards the midline
What is pronation vs supination?
rotating downward and upward
