Topic 2: Chemical Bonds + Water Flashcards
What are chemical bonds?
- bonds that hold atoms together to form molecules
What are the two types of bonds?
- Ionic and covalent
What are ionic bonds? Also, use NaCl as an example for what happens (3)
- ions formed
ex. NaCl, where Na+ loses an electron and Cl- gains an electron - the positive Na+ and negative Cl- ions ATTRACT, forming the bond
- in H2O, NaCl dissociates/separates into ions Na+ and Cl-
What are covalent bonds?
- sharing electrons between atoms
- ex. O2, or CH4
Chemical bonds allow for the formation of chemical compounds. These compounds may be _____ or _____.
Organic, inorganic
What characterizes organic substances? Give 4 examples
- covalently bonded carbon atoms
- carbs, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids
What characterizes inorganic substances? (2)
- usually lacks carbon
- Note that ionically bonded carbons are inorganic
- eg. H2O, NaCl, O2
What characterizes inorganic substances? (2)
- usually lacks carbon
- Note that ionically bonded carbons are inorganic
- eg. H2O, NaCl, O2
There are some examples of inorganic compounds containing carbon atoms. Name them.
- Carbonic acid (H2CO3)
- Bicarbonate (HCO3-)
- Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
- Carbon Monoxide (CO)
What is the most abundant substance in cells? About what percentage does it take up in cells?
- water
- about 55-60% water in a healthy, lean adult
Water is a polar molecule. What does that mean?
- unequal sharing of electrons leads to a slight charge difference
What are some reasons (in the notes) that water is important in the body? (3)
- Many reactions in the body take place in or involve H2O
- Transports chemicals (eg. O2, nutrients)
- Maintains body temperature at 37 degrees celsius