Topic 2: Chemical Bonds + Water Flashcards

1
Q

What are chemical bonds?

A
  • bonds that hold atoms together to form molecules
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2
Q

What are the two types of bonds?

A
  • Ionic and covalent
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3
Q

What are ionic bonds? Also, use NaCl as an example for what happens (3)

A
  • ions formed
    ex. NaCl, where Na+ loses an electron and Cl- gains an electron
  • the positive Na+ and negative Cl- ions ATTRACT, forming the bond
  • in H2O, NaCl dissociates/separates into ions Na+ and Cl-
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4
Q

What are covalent bonds?

A
  • sharing electrons between atoms
  • ex. O2, or CH4
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5
Q

Chemical bonds allow for the formation of chemical compounds. These compounds may be _____ or _____.

A

Organic, inorganic

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6
Q

What characterizes organic substances? Give 4 examples

A
  • covalently bonded carbon atoms
  • carbs, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids
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7
Q

What characterizes inorganic substances? (2)

A
  • usually lacks carbon
  • Note that ionically bonded carbons are inorganic
  • eg. H2O, NaCl, O2
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7
Q

What characterizes inorganic substances? (2)

A
  • usually lacks carbon
  • Note that ionically bonded carbons are inorganic
  • eg. H2O, NaCl, O2
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8
Q

There are some examples of inorganic compounds containing carbon atoms. Name them.

A
  • Carbonic acid (H2CO3)
  • Bicarbonate (HCO3-)
  • Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
  • Carbon Monoxide (CO)
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9
Q

What is the most abundant substance in cells? About what percentage does it take up in cells?

A
  • water
  • about 55-60% water in a healthy, lean adult
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10
Q

Water is a polar molecule. What does that mean?

A
  • unequal sharing of electrons leads to a slight charge difference
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11
Q

What are some reasons (in the notes) that water is important in the body? (3)

A
  • Many reactions in the body take place in or involve H2O
  • Transports chemicals (eg. O2, nutrients)
  • Maintains body temperature at 37 degrees celsius
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