Topic 2: Important Organic Substances (carbs + fats) Flashcards

1
Q

What do carbohydrates consist of?

A

C, H, O
- always in ratio (CH2O)
note that these are long chains

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2
Q

What is the function of carbohydrates? (2)

A
  • source of energy for cells (eg. glucose)
  • cellular structures (eg. DNA and RNA)
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3
Q

What are monosaccharides? (3)

A
  • simple sugars (monomers of carbs)
  • e.g. glucose, fructose, ribose, deoxyribose
  • basic building block of other carbohydrates
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4
Q

What are disaccharides?

A
  • 2 monosaccharides covalently bonded together
  • e.g. glucose + fructose –> sucrose
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5
Q

What are polysaccharides?

A
  • many monosaccharides bonded together
  • e.g. glycogen (animals) and starch (plants)
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6
Q

What are lipids made of?

A
  • C,H,O and sometimes P
  • not in the same ratio as carbs
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7
Q

Give some examples of lipids (5)

A
  • fats
  • oils
  • waxes
  • cholesterol
  • fatty acids
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8
Q

Are lipids soluble in water?

A
  • no, they are insoluble as they are nonpolar
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9
Q

What are the functions of lipids? (3)

A
  1. protects organs (padding)
  2. Components of cell membranes
  3. Source of stored energy
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10
Q

Name 4 TYPES of lipids.

A
  1. Glycerides
  2. phospolipids
  3. cholesterol
  4. Steroids
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11
Q

What are glycerides?

A
  • most common lipid in body and diet
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12
Q

What are glycerides composed of?

A
  • glycerol (backbone)
  • fatty acids (FA)
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13
Q

How many fatty acids are in a monoglyceride, diglyceride, and triglyceride?

A
  • all contain glycerol
    monoglyceride = 1 FA
    diglyceride = 2 FA
    triglyceride = 3 FA
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14
Q

What are phospholipids composed of?

A
  1. Phosphate “head” group that is polar/hydrophilic/water soluble
  2. Glycerol Backbone
  3. 2 FAs “tails” that are non-polar/hydrophobic/water insoluble
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15
Q

What is cholesterol (where is it found and function)?

A
  • found in cell membranes
  • used to synthesize steroids
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16
Q

What are steroids? (2)

A
  • derived from cholesterol
    e.g. bile salts, hormones (vit. D, testosterone, estrogen, etc.)