Topic 18: Endocrine System - Overview and Hormone Classes

Question 1

What structures does the endocrine system include? (2)

Answer 1

Ductless glands and endocrine tissues within other organs

Question 2

What does the endocrine system do?

Answer 2

• secretes chemicals called hormones into the blood

Question 3

Where are hormones transported?

Answer 3

• transported to target cells via circulation
• act on target cells

Question 4

What is a target cell?

Answer 4

• cell with receptor specific for that hormone

Question 5

Name the 3 hormone classes

Answer 5

• steroids
• hormones derived from amino acids
• peptide+protein hormones

Question 6

How are steroids synthesized?

Answer 6

• cholesterol (lipid soluble)

Question 7

Name 3 steroids

Answer 7

• testosterone
• estrogen
• vitamin D

Question 8

Name 2 hormones derived from amino acids

Answer 8

• thyroxine (Tu)
• Epinephrine + norepinephrine (catecholamines)

Question 9

What are the characteristics of thyroxine? (3)

Answer 9

• derived from tyrosine
• a thyroid hormone
• lipid soluble

Question 10

what is the function of thyroxine?

Answer 10

• controls cellular metabolism

Question 11

what are characteristics of epinephrine and norepinephrine? (2)

Answer 11

• thyroid hormone derived from tyrosine
• water soluble

Question 12

what is the function of epinephrine and norepinephrine?

Answer 12

• short term stress:
  part of fight or flight response

Question 13

what are peptides and protein hormones made of?

Answer 13

Chain of amino acids

Question 14

Peptide and protein hormones are _______ (lipid/water) soluble

Answer 14

mainly water soluble

Question 15

What are some examples of peptide and protein hormones? (4)

Answer 15

• oxytocin
• ADH
• growth hormone
• insulin