Topic 12: Cardiovascular System - Heart Covering and Walls Flashcards
What does the cardiovascular system include?
heart, blood vessels and blood
What are two purposes of the cardiovascular system?
- transports gases, nutrients, hormones, wastes, and heat
- protects against disease and fluid loss (clotting)
Which cavity is the heart located?
- mediastinum
What is the mediastinum?
- space between lungs within thoracic cavity
What is the covering of the heart called?
pericardium
What is the pericardium?
- double-walled sac surrounding the heart
What are the three layers of the pericardium?
- Fibrous pericardium
- Serous pericardium (parietal and visceral)
What layer is the fibrous pericardium, and what tissue is it made of?
- outermost layer
- dense irregular CT
What is the purpose of fibrous pericardium?
- anchors to surrounding structures
ex. diaphragm, great vessels (aorta, vena cava)
What is the parietal pericardium?
- fused to fibrous pericardium
What is the parietal sac?
- fibrous and parietal pericardium together
- in lecture, it is sac surrounding heart
What is the visceral pericardium? (2)
- epicardium
- fused to heart surface, so it is part of heart wall
What is between the pericardial layers?
- pericardial cavity with serous fluid to lubricate
What are the 3 parts of the heart WALL?
- epicardium
- myocardium
- endocardium
What tissues make up epicardium? (2)
- stratified squamous epithelium
- Connective tissue
What is the myocardium?
- cardiac muscle
What cells make up myocardium?
- arranged in spiral/circular pattern
- reinforced with CT (and contractile i think)
What cells make up endocardium?
- simple squamous epithelium
- CT
What is the epithelium tissue in endocardium called, and what does it line?
- endothelium
- lines inner surface of the heart and ALL blood vessels
- in lecture, endothelium is continuous with CV system
