Topic 3: Membranous Organelles Flashcards
Name 5 of the membranous organelles.
- mitochondria
- ER
- Golgi Apparatus
- lysosomes
- nucleus
What is the general structure of the mitochondria? (2)
- site of ATP synthesis
- has a double membrane
What is the general function of the mitochondria?
- site of ATP synthesis
What is the endoplasmic reticulum?
- membranous network throughout the cytoplasm
What is the rough ER?
ribosomes attached - synthesis of secretory, lysosomal, and membrane proteins
What is the composition of the smooth ER?
- lacks ribosomes
- continuous with RER
What is the function of the smooth ER?
- synthesizes lipids and hormones
- detoxification, etc. has a more diverse set of roles
What is the golgi apparatus/complex?
- stacks of membrane discs
What is the function of the golgi apparatus?
- modifies (ex/ trims or adds CHO groups), sorts, packages, and delivers proteins/lipids to cell membrane, lysosomes, or for secretion
- aka cellular post office
What are lysosomes?
- filled with digestive enzymes
What is the function of lysosomes?
- digest bacteria, viruses, worn-out organelles (clean up function)
The nucleus is known as the ____ membranous organelle and is the cell”s ___ centre.
- largest
- control
How many nuclei does a cell have?
one or more
Name the 3 parts of the nucleus
- Nuclear envelope
- nucleolus
- chromosomes/chromatids
What is the structure of the nuclear envelope?
- double membrane with pores
- connected to ER
What is the structure of the nucleolus?
- non-membranous
- dense (less light gets through) region
What occurs in the nucleolus?
Dense region of DNA, RNA and proteins where ribosomes are made and assembled
What are chromosomes/chromatids made of?
DNA and histone proteins
What form are chromosomes/chromatids found?
- dispersed if chromatin
- condensed if chromosomes
What does it mean for chromatids to be dispersed? (2)
- DNA is uncoiled and not individually visible
- in this form most of the time (when cell is not dividing)
