Topic 14: Respiratory System - Respiratory Structures Continued - paranasal + pharynx Flashcards
What are the paranasal sinuses? (2)
8 air filled spaces in skull
- open directly into nasal cavity
The paranasal sinuses are paired left and right spaces in what areas? (4)
- frontal
- ethmoid
- sphenoid
- maxillae
What is the function of paranasal sinuses? (2)
- warm, moisten air
- lighten skull
What is sinusitis?
- inflammation of mucous membrane
What is the pharynx? (2)
- throat
- skeletal muscle lined by mucous membrane
in lecture, can consciously contract
What are the three regions of the pharynx?
- nasal pharynx
- oropharynx
- laryngopharynx
What is the nasal pharynx? ie. location and function
- posterior to nasal cavity
- air passage only
What structures does the nasal pharynx contain? (3)
- pharyngeal tonsil
- 2 posterior nasal apertures
- 2 pharyngotympanic tubes
What is the oropharynx? ie. location and function (3)
- posterior to oral cavity
- from soft palate to top of epiglottis
- air and food passage
What type of cells are in the oropharynx?
- stratified squamous epithelium
What structures does the oropharynx contain?
- palatine tonsils
- lingual tonsils
What is the laryngopharynx? ie. location and function
- from epiglottis to opening of larynx
- air and food pasage
What type of cells are in the laryngopharynx?
- stratified squamous epithelium
What is the larynx commonly known as, and what passes through it?
- voice-box
- air only
The larynx is made of 9 _____. All are what type?
- cartilages
- all are hyaline cartilage except the epiglottis
Name the 3 unpaired cartilages in the larynx/
- thyroid cartilage
- cricoid cartilage
- epiglottis
What is the thyroid cartilage? (2)
- on anterior wall
- Adam’s apple
What does the cricoid cartilage form?
- complete ring
What is the epiglottis? (2)
- covers glottis when swallowing
- elastic cartilage
Name the 3 paired cartilages
- arytenoid cartilage
- do not need to know other 2
Vocal cords are part of the 9 cartilages in the larynx. Name the two paired folds in mucosa
- vestibular fold
- vocal fold
What is the vestibular fold of the vocal cords? (2)
- false vocal cords
- superior fold
What is the vocal fold of the vocal cords? (3)
- true vocal cords
- inferior fold
- produce sound by vibration
What is the glottis? (2)
- true vocal cords + opening
- closes to prevent food and liquid from entering trachea
What is laryngitis? (2)
- inflammation of the larynx
- can arise from infection, irritation
