Topic 14: Respiratory System - Respiratory Structures Contd - Trachea + Lungs

Question 1

What does the trachea connect?

Answer 1

• larynx to main bronchi

Question 2

the trachea is ______ (anterior/posterior) to the esophagus

Answer 2

anterior

Question 3

What does the trachea consist of? (2)

Answer 3

• 20 C-shaped pieces of hyaline cartilage
• open part of c faces esophagus to permit expansion of esophagus

Question 4

Please see diagram of bronchial tree: main bronchi to alveolar ducts

Answer 4

Question 5

The cartilage of trachea contains what type of tissue?

Answer 5

• epithelium of the mucosa (it is lined w mucosa)
• shows gradual change

Question 6

What type of tissue does the main (1°) bronchi have?

Answer 6

ciliated pseudostratifed columnar epithelium

Question 7

What type of tissue do the terminal bronchioles have?

Answer 7

• ciliated simple cuboidal

Question 8

What type of tissue do the alveolar ducts have?

Answer 8

non ciliated simple squamous
- why flat? cuz gas exchange

Question 9

The left and right side of the lungs is separated by the _____

Answer 9

mediastinum

Question 10

How many lobes are in the right lung? What are they called?

Answer 10

• 3 lobes
• superior, middle, inferior

Question 11

How many lobes are in the left lung? What are they called?

Answer 11

• 2 lobes
• superior, inferior
  fun fact: left lung is 10% smaller than right

Question 12

What structure does the left lung only contain?

Answer 12

• cardiac notch (where the heart lies)

Question 13

What is pleura?

Answer 13

• serous membrane
  note we need it to reduce friction

Question 14

Where is plera found viscerally and parietally in the lungs?

Answer 14

visceral - on surface of lung
parietal - on inner thoracic wall, superior diaphragm and mediastinum

Question 15

What is the pleural cavity? (3)

Answer 15

• filled with serous fluid
• prevents friction when lungs move
• holds lungs to thoracic cavity wall

Question 16

What does the respiratory zone contain? (3)

Answer 16

-respiratory bronchioles (starts here)
- alveolar ducts
- alveoli

Question 17

What occurs in the respiratory zone?

Answer 17

• O2 enters blood, CO2 enters air (mainly alveoli)

Question 18

Please see diagram of conduction zone and respiratory zone

Answer 18

Question 19

What does the respiratory membrane consist of? (2)

Answer 19

• alveolar walls
• surrounding capillaries

Question 20

How many layers are in the respiratory membrane, and what are they?

Answer 20

• 3 layers
• 2 epithelia and their fused basement membrane

Question 21

What type of tissue is the wall of alveolus made of? Which cell types?

Answer 21

• simple epithelium, 3 cell types
  1) type I alveolar cells
  2) Type II alveolar cells
  3) macrophages

Question 22

What are type I alveolar cells? (2)

Answer 22

• simple cuboidal
• secrete surfactant

Question 23

What are type II alveolar cells? (3)

Answer 23

• simple cuboidal
• secrete surfactant
• allows lung to expand with ease

Question 24

What are macrophages? (2)

Answer 24

• free moving across surface of type I cells
• remove dust and debris

Question 25

Previously, we said that the respiratory membrane consisted of alveolar walls and their surrounding capillaries. Specifically name them

Answer 25

1. wall of alveolus
2. basement membranes of alveolus and capillaries
3. wall of capillary

Question 26

What do alveolar pores allow for?

Answer 26

• air movement between alveoli

Question 27

What type of tissue cells are in the wall of capillary?

Answer 27

simple squamous epithelium aka endothelium cells