Topic 3 Definitions

Question 1

What are alveoli?

Answer 1

Small air sacs in the lungs for gas exchange

Question 2

What are amylases?

Answer 2

Enzymes that hydrolyze polysaccharides

Question 3

What is an antiporter?

Answer 3

A membrane protein for opposite molecule transport

Question 4

What is the aorta?

Answer 4

Main artery carrying oxygenated blood

Question 5

What is an arteriole?

Answer 5

A vessel connecting arteries and capillaries

Question 6

What is an artery?

Answer 6

A vessel carrying blood away from the heart

Question 7

What is an atrium?

Answer 7

Heart chamber receiving blood from veins

Question 8

What are bile salts?

Answer 8

Molecules aiding lipid coagulation

Question 9

What are bronchi?

Answer 9

Airways branching from the trachea

Question 10

What are bronchioles?

Answer 10

Airways branching from bronchi to alveoli

Question 11

What is a capillary?

Answer 11

Small vessel for substance exchange

Question 12

What is a capillary bed?

Answer 12

Network of capillaries supplying tissues

Question 13

What is a coronary artery?

Answer 13

Artery supplying heart tissue

Question 14

What is co-transport?

Answer 14

Simultaneous transport of two molecules

Question 15

What is the diaphragm?

Answer 15

Muscle for lung capacity changes

Question 16

What are endopeptidases?

Answer 16

Enzymes hydrolyzing peptide bonds within polypeptides

Question 17

What are exopeptidases?

Answer 17

Enzymes hydrolyzing peptide bonds at protein ends

Question 18

What are external intercostal muscles?

Answer 18

Muscles for forced and quiet inhalation

Question 19

What are gill filaments?

Answer 19

Divisions of gills in fish

Question 20

What are gill lamellae?

Answer 20

Protrusions on gill filaments for gas exchange

Question 21

What is haemoglobin?

Answer 21

Protein carrying oxygen in red blood cells

Question 22

What are internal intercostal muscles?

Answer 22

Muscles for forced exhalation

Question 23

What is the left atrium?

Answer 23

Chamber receiving oxygenated blood from pulmonary vein

Question 24

What is the left ventricle?

Answer 24

Chamber pumping oxygenated blood to the body

Question 25

What is lipase?

Answer 25

Enzyme hydrolyzing lipids

Question 26

What are membrane-bound dipeptidases?

Answer 26

Enzymes hydrolyzing dipeptides

Question 27

What are membrane-bound disaccharidases?

Answer 27

Enzymes hydrolyzing disaccharides

Question 28

What are micelles?

Answer 28

Lipid molecule groups for lipid uptake

Question 29

What is phloem?

Answer 29

Tissue transporting organic substances in plants

Question 30

What is positive cooperativity?

Answer 30

Increased haemoglobin oxygen binding ability

Question 31

What is the pulmonary artery?

Answer 31

Artery carrying deoxygenated blood to lungs

Question 32

What is the pulmonary vein?

Answer 32

Vein carrying oxygenated blood from lungs

Question 33

What is the renal artery?

Answer 33

Artery carrying blood to kidneys

Question 34

What is the renal vein?

Answer 34

Vein carrying blood from kidneys

Question 35

What is the right atrium?

Answer 35

Chamber receiving deoxygenated blood from vena cava

Question 36

What is the right ventricle?

Answer 36

Chamber pumping deoxygenated blood to lungs

Question 37

What are spiracles?

Answer 37

Openings on insects for gas exchange

Question 38

What is spongy mesophyll?

Answer 38

Tissue in leaves for gas exchange

Question 39

What are stomata?

Answer 39

Holes on leaves controlling water loss and gas exchange

Question 40

What is a symporter?

Answer 40

Membrane protein for same direction molecule transport

Question 41

What is the Bohr effect?

Answer 41

Decreased haemoglobin affinity for oxygen in high CO2

Question 42

What is tissue fluid?

Answer 42

Fluid bathing tissues for substance exchange

Question 43

What is the trachea?

Answer 43

Main airway to and from bronchi

Question 44

What is the trachea (mammals)?

Answer 44

Tube between larynx and bronchi

Question 45

What are tracheae (insects)?

Answer 45

Tubes from spiracles to tracheoles

Question 46

What are tracheoles?

Answer 46

Tubes carrying gases to insect cells

Question 47

What is a vein?

Answer 47

Vessel carrying blood to the heart

Question 48

What is the vena cava?

Answer 48

Vein carrying blood to the right atrium

Question 49

What is a ventricle?

Answer 49

Heart chamber pumping blood out

Question 50

What is a venule?

Answer 50

Vessel connecting capillaries and veins

Question 51

What is a xerophyte?

Answer 51

Plant adapted to survive in dry conditions

Question 52

What is xylem?

Answer 52

Tissue transporting water in plants